The event involved military activity and direct deaths from battle, but also significant associated 336 BC323 BC. An Lushan (Chinese: ; pinyin: n Lshn; 20th day of the 1st month[4] 19 February 703[2] 29 January 757[3]) was a general in the Tang dynasty and is primarily known for instigating the An Lushan Rebellion. By 763, Tang forces had allied with Turkic troops and ended the rebellion. Let us debunk myths, examine the legends of the past, and explore the innovations which have transformed our lives. This article abides by terms of the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may be used and disseminated with proper attribution. The surnames Kang and An suggest that they were respectively from the Sogdian kingdoms of Samarkand (; cf. WebTIANLI ZU CHINESE AUSTRALIA WATERCOLOR BEIJING Year of Dog ORIGINAL - $2,720.60. An Lushan Rebellion Estimated Deats: 13,000,000 ___ 36,000,000 Location: China Year: 755 to 763 The An Lushan Rebellion took place in China during Jump The rebellion spanned the reigns of three emperors, starting during the reign of Xuanzong and ending during the reign of Daizong. An himself was almost killed, and, after retreating, blamed the defeat on Ge Jie () and Yu Chengxian (), executing them. In July 756 An Lushan and his rebel forces captured Chang'an, an event that had a devastating effect upon this thriving metropolis. [35], Despite their cooperation in posthumously accusing Li Linfu, a rivalry soon developed between An and Yang Guozhong, as An did not fear Yang Guozhong the way he did Li Linfu. [16] Meanwhile, Yan Zhenqing's cousin Yan Gaoqing (), who initially submitted to An, rose against An at Changshan Commandery (, roughly modern Baoding, Hebei) but was quickly defeated and delivered to An in Luoyang; An executed him and sent An Qingxu to make an initial attack against Tong Pass, and Geshu Han repelled the attack. Taiping Rebellion (Death Toll Estimate: 40 Million) The Taiping Rebellion in 1850 during Qing Dynasty was the reason behind the deaths of 40 million people. Arriving in Mexico in 1517, two years later an expedition led by Hernn Corts embarked with the goal of subjugating the native populations. Dec 13, 2015. We thank you for your interest in this question, and your patience in waiting for an in-depth and comprehensive answer to be written, which takes time. In 736, after An disobeyed Zhang's orders and made an overly aggressive attack against the Khitan and the Xi, he was defeated. The Imperial forces then recaptured both Changan and Luoyang, though they failed to pursue the fleeing rebels. An subsequently submitted a petition on their behalf, claiming that the accusations from Yang Guozhong were false, but Emperor Xuanzong took no actions against either An or Yang Guozhong.[36]. At that time, Tang aristocrats no longer favored military careers, and the Tang dynasty relied on foreign-born generals to occupy major military commands. There were many occasions when a major change could have happened but was diverted by chance. Yeah, it's really unknowable, which is the trend the further back you go in history. Please consider Clicking Here for RemindMeBot, or using these alternatives. Wikimedia Commons. Following many years of political turmoil in Eurasia, all seemed to calm down with the rise and expansion of the Tang Dynasty in China. WebDeath Toll: 20 million An Lushan Rebellion 755 to 763 This is another Chinese rebellion. The power of the jiedushi, or provincial military governors, increased greatly after imperial troops crushed the rebels, taking administrative power away from the scholar-officials. FOR SALE! History sometimes seems to be an inevitable process but it was not. The toll of dead and missing, including those who died by suppression and famine, is estimated at up to thirty-six million,[3] or two-thirds of the total population on the tax rolls at that time. Not to downplay the tragedy here, but we should probably just take any numbers in a figurative sense, even if they were meant to be literal by the somewhat unreliable authors. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. The time of the Three Kingdoms is widely regarded as one of, if not the, bloodiest in Chinese history. I was even going to Google the black death and world war 2 percentage when I got an answer to compare. Li Xianzhong was afraid of An; when An ordered Li to attack the Khitan, Li rebelled, thus putting a halt to An's campaign. Result: Tang victory . Pulleyblank, Edwin G. "The An Lushan Rebellion and the Origins of Chronic Militarism in Late T'ang China," in Perry, John Curtis, and Bardwell L. Smith. "Ah Lushan Dengzahu De Neiya Wenhua Beijing" ("The Cultural Background on An Lushan, etc in Inner Asia With the Discussion on the Inner Asia-ized of Sute or Sogdian"). [14] In 742, Xuanzong further promoted Pinglu Army to be a military circuit, making An its military governor (jiedushi). Hearing news of Chang'an's fall, Guo and Li Guangbi withdrew to Lingwu, allowing Shi to again pacify the region north of the Yellow River and east of the Taihang Mountains with exception of pockets held by Yan Zhenqing and other Tang officials under his command. Roman Republic vs. Samnites. 336 BC323 BC. Wikimedia Commons. and 1/2 cup of nuts. Where do we find this stuff? Censuses taken in the half-century before the rebellion show a gradual increase in population, with the last census undertaken before the rebellion, that of 755, recording a population of 52,919,309 in 8,914,709 taxpaying households. The Battle of Shanhai Pass in 1644 (c. late Ming period). Please leave feedback on this test message here. The Emperor also sent Feng to the eastern capital, Luoyang, to build up the defense there; another general, Gao Xianzhi, was ordered to command a secondary defense at Shan Commandery (, roughly modern Sanmenxia, Henan). Submit interesting and specific facts about something that you just found out here. This rebellion involved the death of some 1336 million people,[37] making it one of the deadliest wars in history. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty , with an attempt to replace it with the Yan dynasty. The An Lushan Rebellion refers to a massive war that occurred in China on 16 December 755 AD. An apologized, stating, "I am foolish. Then, after taking the throne, An Qingxu reported that An Lushan had died. WebPemberontakan ini juga dikenal sebagai Pemberontakan Tianbao (). Roman Republic vs. Samnites. WebThe Tang Dynasty received its greatest blow due to the An Lushan Rebellion (755-763), also known by many Chinese as the An-Shi Rebellion. The imperial officials were all apprehensive, because An had the strongest troops of the realm at the time, except for Yang, who believed that An could be suppressed easily. In 748, Emperor Xuanzong awarded An Lushan an iron certificate promising that he would not be executed, except for treason, and in 750, he created An Prince of Dongping, setting a precedent for generals not of the imperial Li clan to be created princes. WebWeird History: An Lushan Rebellion. An Lushan was extremely fat, and often played the jester to win favor. The An Shi Rebellion is regarded as the beginning of the downfall of the Tang dynasty. Allegations of An's bribes to Fu also reached the Emperor, who then had Fu executed, and sent another eunuch, Feng Shenwei () to Fanyang to again summon An Lushan, who ignored the summons. in: Sun, Jinji et al. [2] Around that time, An Lushans army was thoroughly defeated in a campaign against the Khitans, and China suffered other military setbacks at the hands of the Arabs in the Battle of Talus and Nanzhao in southern China. Traditionally dated as beginning on September 1, 1939, following the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany and the subsequent declarations of war by the United Kingdom and France in retaliation, the war rapidly expanded to engulf the majority of the world. 1978. From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia. 2. Wang Wei, born in 699 A.D., served in the Tang court, but wrote many of his most famous poems from a Buddhist monastery, where he took up study following a rebellion that led to the death of his wife. Emperor Xuanzong treated him well and allowed him to visit the palace at all times. The Tang Dynasty (618-907) represented one of the greatest periods of Chinese history. You must log in or register to reply here. At this point, there was a new Tang Emperor: Li Heng, or Emperor Suzong. One of Suzong's first acts as emperor was to appoint the generals Guo Ziyi and Li Guangbi to deal with the rebellion. [15], An was arrogant toward other officials, including Consort Yang's second cousin Yang Guozhong. The Tang dynasty began with the victorious Seeking to take advantage of the element of surprise, An Lushans forces sought to hurriedly consolidate the north and invade the south. [35] In spring 754, Yang asserted, to the Emperor, that An was set on rebelling, an accusation Yang had made before. An Lushan had good relations with the High Chancellor, Li Linfu. The An Lushan Rebellion spanned from 16 December 755 to 17 February 763. Yang Guozhong later accused Wei of bribing An's associate Ji Wen (), and Wei and Ji were both demoted. What would come would devastate China, and millions would perish in its wake, resulting in one of the most brutal and cataclysmic rebellions on human history. Xuanzong, the Tang emperor also known as Ming Huan (enlghtened emperor), reigned from 713-756 and was patron to Wang Wei, Li Bo, and Du Fu. [35] Two of his sons, An Qingzong and An Qingxu, were given ministerial level positions, and An Qingzong was given an imperial clan member's daughter, the Lady Rongyi, in marriage. ISBN links support NWE through referral fees. An Lushan Rebellion The An Lushan Rebellion was a rebellion against the Tang Dynasty of China between 755 A.D. and 763 A.D. In the fall of 755, An Lushan, using the northern provinces of Heibei and Henan as his base, led an army of about 150,000 soldiers from Peking (Beijing) to capture the eastern capital city of Loyang (Luoyang). Yang then attacked some of An's staff and associates, including having the mayor of Jingzhao arrest An's friend Li Chao () and others, and executing them secretly. Zhong, Han. "[23][24] Edward H. Schafer, however, maintains that An Lushan is probably the Sinicized version of a name derived from Anxi ( "Parthia(n)") and the common Sogdian name Roxshan meaning "the Bright",[25][26][27] related to the Sogdian female name Roxana,[28] also borne by Alexander's Sogdian wife, Roxana. Later in 754, An defeated Xi forces, capturing their chieftain Li Riyue (). According to army regulations, he was supposed to be executed. Pulleyblank, Oxford University Press (1955), Mexico and the Spanish Conquest, Ross Hassig, Longman (1994), Imperial China, Raymond Dawson, Hutchinson (1972), Gods Chinese Son: The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of Hong Xiuquan, Jonathan Spence, W.W. Norton (1996), The Mongol Conquests in World History, Timothy May, Reaktion Books (2012), The History of the Mongol Conquests, J.J. Saunders (2011), The Three Kingdoms and Western Jin: A History of China in the Third Century AD, Rafe de Crespigny, East Asian History (1991), The Second World War, Antony Beevor, Weidenfeld & Nicolson (2012), The Second World War, Winston Churchill, Houghton Mifflin (1948-1953), England under the Norman and Angevin Kings 1075-1225, R. Bartlett, in New Oxford History of England, J.M. Early in Emperor Xuanzong of Tang's Kaiyuan era, 713741, there was a disturbance among the Gktrk tribe that An Yanyan belonged to, and An Lushan fled to Tang with An Yanyan and An Yanyan's nephew, An Sishun. WebIn the course of the conflicts, Timurs armies are estimated to have been responsible for the deaths of approximately 5% of the human population across Asia, Africa, and Europe. I mean, I could use the Fravadn Yasht to claim that ancient Persians regularly killed billions of people. The An Lushan rebellion was one of them. Up The beginning of the An Shi Rebellion in 756 marked the watershed of Tang power. Wars of Alexander the Great. In 755, An Lushan, following 8 or 9 years of preparation, instigated the An Lushan Rebellion, proclaiming himself the ruler of a new dynasty, Yan . An Lushan's mother was a Gktrk of the Ashide clan and served as a sorceress. According to historical sources, his original name might have been Aluoshan or Galuoshan, which meant "war" in Old Turkic. He paid frequent visits to the capital and became a personal favorite of Emperor Xuanzong and his beloved Consort, Yang Guifei. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. Seeing the imminent threat to Changan, Xuanzong fled to Sichuan with his household. Lady Kang, mother of Prince Qingxu (executed by, Six other sons, names unrecorded in history. The rebellion had the biggest death toll compared to the population of the time in all recorded history not even the mongols could surpass that but my question why it was so big that it surpassed the mongol in death toll compared to world population? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Lushan_Rebellion#Death_toll. The family name An implied that he was from the city of Bukhara in Sogdiana, and Rokhan in the Sogdian language meant "light." [32], In 743, An visited Chang'an to pay homage to Emperor Xuanzong. The An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang Dynasty of China. JavaScript is disabled. This rebellion involved the death of some 1336 million people, making it one of the deadliest wars in history. The Taiping Rebellion was a Chinese civil war that raged from 1850 to 1864, fought between the Qing dynasty and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. An Lushan Rebellion. The imperial forces were helped by internal dissent in the newly-formed Yan dynasty. Referensi [ sunting | sunting Late Yuan Warfare & Transition to Ming Dynasty (Death Toll Estimate: 30 Million) 12. Press J to jump to the feed. He later settled in Ying Prefecture (, roughly modern Chaoyang, Liaoning). The rebellion of An Lushan (703-757), in Chinese known as the "rebellion of An [Lushan] and Shi [Siming]" ( An Shi zhi luan He responded, "Other than a faithful heart, there is nothing else." When Zhang returned to Chang'an and praised An, Emperor Xuanzong promoted An to be the commandant at Ying Prefecture and the commander of Pinglu Army, to defend against the Khitan, the Xi, Balhae, and the Heishui Mohe. Sensing the emperors weakness, northern province warlord An Lushan mounted a rebellion and occupied the capital in 755 A.D., forcing Xuanzong to flee. Later, Zhang promoted him to be a military officer. [40], Once he had assumed the imperial title, An Lushan spent most of his time inside the Luoyang palace. The revolt that rocked the Tang Dynasty. He executed An Qingzong and An's first wife Lady Kang, and forced An Qingzong's present wife, Lady Rongyi, to take her own life. Rebellious general An Lushan declared a rivaling Yan Dynasty. The An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty (from 755 to 763), with an attempt to replace The Lushan rebellion was a fierce uprising against the Tang Dynasty between the years 755 and 763 CE (Hansen 63). In all, the war-related deaths numbered around 7-12 million people. It is estimated to have caused the death of thirty-six million people, due to battle, oppression and famine. [41], Meanwhile, An had Emperor Xuanzong's sister, Princess of Huo, as well as a number of other imperial relatives, executed, and sacrificed their organs to An Qingzong. There are claims in China that the conflict killed several times that (by population records, Jiangsu went from 42 million to 20 million, and Zhejiang went from 30 million to 10 million). The revolt that rocked the Tang Dynasty. Following many years of political turmoil in Eurasia, all seemed to calm down with the rise and expansion of the Tang Dynasty in China. 10. Death Toll Estimate: 72 Million Having taken a break from fighting for a few years, total war broke out again in 1939. Wanting to show his military abilities, he often pillaged the Khitan and the Xi. The revolt, named the An Lushan Rebellion, ruptured through the imperial army. This is an idea that has been pushed by Stephen Pinker, who is not Also surrendering to Yan forces were the former chancellor Chen Xilie and the key officials Zhang Jun () and Zhang Ji (), and An made Chen and Zhang Ji chancellors as well. Forced to flee after some of his men attacked and killed much of the Aztec nobility in the Massacre in the Great Temple, Corts would return in 1521 to complete his conquest. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. Wikimedia Commons. WebPemberontakan ini juga dikenal sebagai Pemberontakan Tianbao (). Hoyos, Wiley-Blackwell (2011), England under the Norman and Angevin Kings 1075-1225, R. Bartlett, in New Oxford History of England, J.M. Here is an answer I gave on his figures for the Mongol conquests. Some Tang officials north of the Yellow River resisted An Lushan under the leadership of Yan Zhenqing, the governor of Pingyuan Commandery (, roughly modern Dezhou, Shandong). His mother was a Turkic Shaman, and belonged to the nobility of a Turkish clan. ; In addition to natural New World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia article WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a 7-year rebellion against Tang rule in China launched by the Turkic general An Lushan, who founded the Great Yan dynasty in northern China. As a result, the deputy ministers of civil service, Song Yao () and Miao Jinqing were demoted. This seemingly large figure was merely a shadow of the population during the preceding Han dynasty, under which 10,677,960 households included at least 56,486,856 individuals a decline of more than 40,000,000 over the hundred year conflict. The throne, An event that had a devastating Rebellion against the Tang Dynasty ( ). Apologized, stating, `` I am foolish transformed our lives myths, examine the legends the. 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