It favors the fact that all of these states, or 12.5million people, hold more votes than a state with 12.8million holding only 20 electoral votes. The two extreme views above, however, help us to see and make sense of dominant ideologies on the left and the right, and therefore historical public political disagreements. 4. By varying the different goals and obstacles we vary the conception of Equality of Opportunity and different views will offer different guidance, and some will be more attractive than others. The third party candidates (Independents) have an unfair disadvantage. What benefit does winning the Electoral College by a large margin (say 400-138) give the person who wins the election? And that can sometimes matter more to us than . There's a similar disparity at the household. Thanks, Mobilizing Equality Voters nationwide Mobilize Such a focus would enable us to condemn obstacles that stand in the way of health or education only insofar as those goods affect the happiness of those individuals. How Political Parties Began 9.29.docx. I would wish that the Republicans Governor of the State of Michigan had been more enlightened as you say. Its like peanut butter, but its made from sunflower seeds. What can be found on this website is a summary of different academic debates about equality of opportunity and education and an annotated bibliography of some of the key books and articles on the topic. These positions sit upon one or more geometric axes that represent independent political dimensions. Q3: The popular vote in these two elections both had fairly small differences, but the electoral votes were both overwhelming majorities! This is a terrible and limited analogy, which is reliant on the idea that boxes are cheap and easy to find. Provides evidence that the winner of the election won in the states, and therefore, is more representative of the people. How come theyre outside the fence instead of in the stands? I am having a look ahead in your next post, Ill . Why? It is all well. Equality of Opportunity is one such combination and it has been a rich source of academic and political debate, a political slogan, and a widely held conviction about how human beings should live together. It is in stark opposition to games that are rigged in favor of some over others. Why should they stand on the box when there are other kids her age are sittin, eating hot dogs at the seats. They have more chances to win the election. academic success in all school topics, at all levels https://math-problem-solver.com/ . While most new CEOs of public companies are internal promotions, this new work finds that more than 75% of the new CEOs are external hires, with 67% being complete outsiders. Why does he think that is a problem? For instance, one cannot have an opportunity to become the president of the United States if one is not a natural born citizen. They must be perfectly general such that anyone can apply without violating the formal rule. How does the chart illustrate Edwards's point about political equality? For instance, if everyone were forced to wear the same clothes, pursue the same hobbies and have the same number of children, we would think this was intolerable. The Spencer Foundationfunded the creation of this site as part of a project that examines the relationship between the ideal of equality of opportunity and public education. [1] The expressions political compass and political map are used to refer to the political spectrum as well, especially to . A political spectrum is a system to characterize and classify different political positions in relation to one another. Failure to address this issue would be a failure to take into account that social class should not affect job prospects. Second, we could be asking for the correct conception of equality of opportunity. At first glance, the value of equality can seem to demand uniformity that seems dystopian. In order to learn how to think rather than what to think. How did the Electoral College help solve the issue the delegates feared about "uninformed voters?". Why is there a fence? And to make math attention-grabbing solely a lovely individual like you are able to do it. By letting anyone into the program the tall mans naturally endowed characteristics are devalued-the natural characteristics of the other two are inflated. Could you provide where I may find it? Views of parties' positions on issues, ideologies. They may go further than Formal Equality of Opportunity and instead favor the Meritocratic Conception of Equality of Opportunity, which requires redistribution to ensure that hard work and talent, and not discrimination and favoritism, determine hiring practices. Equality Of Opportunity. Some will claim that this violates the entitlements of the rich to their resources, and is therefore too high a price to pay. So, to have an opportunity means to face no insurmountable obstacles with respect to some important or desired goal, but what about having an equal opportunity? It is about being able to experience something like any other person would. I hope that it is ok to share with others (ugh, after the fact, I already shared it with Jewish educators around the globe) Id love to send you the image that Ive used with the Hebrew. By saying that equality is bad and that it is to be contrasted to equity the diagram fails to take into account substantive equality. Document E: 1. If no candidate wins a majority of electoral votes, then the House of Representatives chooses the president in January. Economic distinctions generally need to be rationally related to a legitimate government interest that is rational basis scrutiny. Wow. At The Margins Of Moral Personhood. How, according . We will have to think hard about exactly which ones do matter and which do not. What percentage of the popular vote did Reagan win in 1980, and, what percentage of the electoral vote did Reagan win? It only gives the numbers of the state population and the electoral votes each of those states have, no opinions or viewpoints are being given. Anyone who knows the answer can you kindly respond? this image doesnt go far enough. E-Book Overview. The real world challenge is that to meet everyones expectations for a equilibrium point, we need more than two coats or three boxes. Eventually, accustomed to a lower level of work for more boxes, he will feel like everything is stacked against him when he doesnt measure up elsewhere. A person can have an opportunity even in the face of many, quite serious, obstacles. John Samples and Mitch McConnell are both writing about their opinions about the Electoral College. How could you use this chart to argue that the Electoral College be abolished? But what if the three people couldnt afford tickets or they were all sold out?! This view is highly demanding and would require a radical redistribution of wealth to both those who are less naturally talented and to those who are otherwise disadvantaged through no fault of their own, for example, through upbringing, through natural bad luck as well as social class, racism, sexism and religious discrimination. 1) What two states have the most electoral votes and how many do they have each? Maybe the short guy can even eventually rise above the other two and brag about his view. More accurate is everyone is the same height it is the fence or barrier which is of different height and material. I share my experience in "Research Visibility and Impact", Bibliometrics, and University Rankings with my amazing LinkedIn friends, please follow me, and let's grow together! that's too funny - your response, i mean. This is Justice vs. lol. While everyone could have an opportunity, and each face different irrelevant and relevant obstacles, equality of opportunity requires that no one face any irrelevant obstacles. Is there bias in their statements? If you believe that all of us are equal in some important ways and if you think that freedom to pursue ones plans without interference from others is important, then equality of opportunity is very important indeed. All of the legal writers and thinkers and all of our courts and tribunals understand Equality to mean both formal and substantive equality.in 1989, in its very first case on S15, the Supreme Court of Canada said that the Equality Rights section imparts substantive equality. In Philosophy, Politics, And Society, 110-131. We match college students private studying styles and must tutors who coach them to excessive efficiency and this illustration is much deeper than that. OBSERVING in the general preface, published in the December Magazine, * a hint which I have construed into a desire to increase the number of your miscellaneous correspondents; and, stimulated by the delicate reproof upon literary indolence, which that elegant exordium contains, I feel myself, while sitting quite at my leisure, on this evening of January 27th, 1792, strongly incited by my good . Ok, if anyone else feels this way, heres the gist: troubles with your RSS. 1) The total number of electors in the Electoral College is 538, 2) A candidate needs to win 270 Electoral College votes to win the president (known as a majority in the Electoral College). But see the purple baby was special, the melanin in her made her unique. So, the baby ended moving from home to home at the mercy of strangers and at the whims of the social service providers. But yeah, thanks for spending some time to discuss this subject here on your internet site. Why? Required fields are marked *. We like baseball too. You do not need written permission to reproduce the work. The original cartoon is not ours and we adapted it with the full-intention of providing the design files so that others could adapt it, too! Q3: It shows that citizens in large states, such as Illinois and others, have less say proportionally in the presidential election than citizens in smaller states. Theyre really tasty. As in education with an admissions preference This is where things fall apart in America though You can give a preference to Betersns or disabled people but if you give any sort of leg up or benefit to black people its shouted down as special treatment. 2. But, the kids are still outside the park, on the other side of the fence! If women were prohibited from becoming president, or if they had to win a greater proportion of the votes to be elected than men, then they would face an irrelevant obstacle that men do not. 1 Wealth inequality is growing Everyone should have an equal amount of time on the field regardless of ability or effort, Your email address will not be published. Explain how this document could help support abolishing or keeping the Electoral College. In Contemporary Political Philosophy: An Introduction. Please feel free to download the high-resolution image and use in your presentations. Which has more electoral votes? We require less work for short one to have enough boxes in this instance. If a person chooses to take risks or gambles, any resulting inequality would not be problematic, but if a person is a victim of bad luck, such as a natural disaster or disability, then any resulting inequality would need to be remedied for equality of opportunity to be fully realized. Oxford University Press, 2002.Google Scholar, McKinnon, Catriona. Social, Political, and Economic Inequality Of the various ways in which citizens in the United States can be unequal, political inequality is- one of the most significant and troubling. Life is not fair and there are many things we cant control. Ethics, Ethics, 1988, 518-533.Google Scholar, Kittay, Eva Feder. Instead, the delegates settled on a system involving an Electoral College. Individual choice is the only relevant obstacle. Everyone getting different things to suit their needs is EQUITY, NOT EQUALITY, and THEY DO NOT GO HAND IN HAND!!!!!!!!!! The medium person gets 1 + 1 = 2 hours to take exams Hi, thank you for allowing the images to be used freely. They lead to an equality of outcome in the picture, but only because all the individuals shown are putting in the same effort ie they are all standing up (rather than sitting). The cartoonist should stick to cartooning and leave equity and equality to others. Q2: The Electoral College provided an indirect way to elect the president and vice president, which allowed the electors to ability to veto (not approve) of the citizens votes and choose the "best" option instead. However, we should be careful not to reject equality entirely on this basis. For instance, with respect to jobs, we might be very concerned that equally hard-working and naturally talented students achieve equal outcomes on standardized tests, since being the most qualified candidate usually gets you the job. Except the point, I think, was to convey that some people dont have the means to get what they need and that includes the time and energy to get a second job, in which case the proud, priveleged, and horribly oblivious white people come in, refusing to give up their box (money/food/etc.) We are asking what kind of features must a statement have to count as a statement of equality of opportunity rather than a statement of something else. for a long time my republican friends reactions to the New Deal? Philosophy, Politics, And Society. This shows that every citizens vote is not equal! In the sphere of religious worship, for example, individuals decide what religion they will worship. How does the chart illustrate (show) Edwards' point about political equality? How could this document help you argue for the electoral college? Nobody asked to be short or tall. But if the bar is set to outside then outside is all we will achieve. So, a natural born US citizen has the opportunity to become president, but she faces serious obstacles, such as accruing the relevant number and distribution of votes, as well as winning primaries. How would the popular, and electoral, vote in the two elections shown be described? It is symbolicly representing a real-world challenge, but it has a specific purpose and meaning, and I think that if you dont care about the purpose/meaning, you should buzz off before you offend someone else. How does the chart illustrate Edwards's point about political equality? find this topic to be actually something that I feel I would by no means understand. It focuses on the formal rules that stand in the way of achieving particular goals, such as employment and admission to schools. But to stop people from commenting and anti-message. It would have been better with the third image liberation with no fence at all blocking the viewers, or even chairs for everyone, or even folks that are seated in the stadium. establish a political advantage for a particular party or group by manipulating district boundaries who is the independent regulatory agency charged with licensing television and radio stations FCC which branch of government receives the most media attention executive branch It is only that all crates have to be put under the tallest person that they could reach the fruits. These views would support different policies and may require much more of our institutions, and greater individual effort, than others. The Idea Of Equality. Oh my goodness! But we need to take responsibility for the things we can. The third section covers debates about education and educational policy, including: school choice and the family, higher education, and whether adequacy or equality should be the principle for distributing educational resources and the aim of schooling. While it does illustrate equity, it only works if the participants are truly of different heights. Ethics, Ethics, 116, no. because social justice is about questioning and dismantling in order to seek equity, and a good part of it is about questioning why some have access and others don't . Real life is not like watching a baseball game but reaching for food. This threatens the political feasibility of such measures, though significant improvements may be made in the process. What would you do? Some critics have doubted the importance of mentioning equality when thinking about opportunities within a group. 1 thing, Why are you asking, and will it make a difference, Parker said. The point here introduce you to the significance of multinational cor- is that we want you to think about politics very broadly porations, transnational terrorist groups, social classes, because many of the chapters in this book will describe and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) such as 'political' features of the contemporary world . This is because education is valuable for a wide range of goals that we think are important, such as employment, health, wealth, welfare and citizenship. In addition, we must think carefully about the kinds of obstacles that are morally relevant and the ones that are morally irrelevant with respect to the goal. Please dont be. Inequality in these areas seems as intolerable as sameness in dress, family size or in our choice of recreational activities. In society there are present two types of inequalities: (1) Natural inequalities, and (2) Man-made unnatural inequalities. The short person has an IQ = 75 I clearly dont have the depth of many of the commenters. That questioning the injustice of her disposition would open pandoras box. 2. With the Electoral College overturning the plurality vote of the American people for the second time in the past five presidential elections, it is appropriate for us to inquire about the . It shows that the citizens of illinois 4. To summarize, the equation presented is the diagram has no basis in law and has no basis in the thinking or writing of people who work in equality rights. If we look at reality, we will find that there is not a single country in the whole world that gives fathers a paternity leave equal in days to the maternity leavewhen a new baby is born. Majorities of partisans say the policy positions of the Republican and Democratic parties are very . The contemporary USA undoubtedly satisfies some conceptions more than others. Imagine that there is a tall tree full of fruits and there were three hungry people like the ones in the picture. the conception that we think is correct. Literally. Have you ever heard of SunButter? Three, because they can only have at least one representative and two senators, Members of the Electoral College who vote, Whichever candidate wins the most votes in the state wins the electoral votes, A1 Mod 11: Special Purpose & Other Country Fr, DBQ: How Does the Constitution Guard Against, Med. Please email our Communications team (comms@interactioninstitute.org) and someone will be in touch with you about getting a link to the graphic (and hopefully even the graphic itself) posted here. Arneson, Richard. Very simple to understand what is justice and equality and how equality does not meet justice some times, Ive also seen this drawing re-visioned to include girls. The 2-Point Political Spectrum. 1) What is the Focus Question this DBQ is trying to get you to answer? What quote from the Document says this? In other words: those who work hard and get nothing from it just to lift up those who are lazy and not willing to put in the effort needed to succeed. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/equality/. I agree completely. 2) How would you answer this question in writing your thesis? The need to balance power among the three branches of government, 6. Nader Ale Ebrahim currently works as a "Research Visibility and Impact" consultant. In absolute terms, the ideological shift among Republicans has been more modest, in 1994, 45% of Republicans were right-of-center, with 13% consistently conservative. https://i.pinimg.com/originals/d5/6d/af/d56dafa4ea1ef5e810c0d9397cd3ebac.jpg. Humility: They are. Want to read the entire page? Equality of opportunity is usually opposed to slavery, hierarchy and caste society, where social positions, life prospects and individual freedoms are determined by membership of some group that you are born into, such as the aristocracy. The mom, who already had beef with the dad divorced him. Illinois has 12, 830,632 people with 20 electors; meaning that every elector represents 641,531 citizens. get that type of info in such a perfect approach of writing? It keeps independent and third party candidates from getting electoral votes. Why in the freaking world does no one else say this. Thanks! I rather like it however it seems the bandaids are no longer required. The picture works because it doesnt show a perfect world. im not dissing the photo or the message but unintended messages and consequences are important things to consider. Meeting everyones individual needs *equity* will make the goal easier to reach, because there arent as many obstacles as there were. Which has the larger population - Illinois or the other 12 states listed in the chart and the District of Columbia combined? Edited by Edward N Zalta. If the message is about equity vs equality, what is the virtue in asking someone to STFU? What is government? We love hearing stories about how the image is being used so please get in touch with us and let us know how you used it. Document A 1. Equal justice treats different things differently. How could this document help you argue FOR or AGAINST the Electoral College being abolished? For Document D, is there a bias in both of these sources? These nine charts illustrate how income inequality, earnings gaps, homeownership rates, retirement savings, student loan debt, and lopsided asset-building subsidies have contributed to these growing wealth disparities. If people stop over thinking and take this photo exactly as it is then theyd appreciate it a lot more. We all have one or more dis-ability; physical, emotional, financial, long-term, short-term and in many cases, people need that hand up. 5. This would be to address the causes of inequality of opportunity, but it would likely be highly unpopular with the electorate and some will argue that an economy where workers are paid roughly equally for different work, will be painfully inefficient. Q3: McConnell believes that the inefficiency is necessary to represent the common good (views) of a large and diverse nation. 2.2.1 Bar Charts Bar charts are used for categorical data or metric data that are transformed into categorical data. The artwork is beautiful and the image is powerful. David Fonseca In reality it is a spectrum (such as if we talk about income). The answer is obvious in this picture. 2) "Yes, I agree that the Electoral College should be abolished because ..(list your three reasons). In our example, all natural born citizens of the US have an equal opportunity when irrelevant goals, such as race, gender and religious affiliation are removed and when relevant obstacles, such as being democratically elected, remain. Download (.zip package containing JPGs, PDF, PNG, and AI), Infusing Equity into the Urban Planning Process, Some Reflections on an Illustration of Equality vs Equity, IISC Brings Equity to RI Planning Process, Equality vs Equity: The gift that keeps on giving, http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/equality/, http://thietkehocakoinghethuatdep.blogspot.com, https://i.pinimg.com/originals/d5/6d/af/d56dafa4ea1ef5e810c0d9397cd3ebac.jpg. As such, Equality of Opportunity is not opposed to different outcomes of the conscientious, but fair pursuit of jobs, health, wealth, education and other goods that people value, so long as everyone faces the same obstacles. What does Arthur Schlesinger. There are other conceptions of Equality of Opportunity that are only moderately demanding. Actually, equity would have someone with a hole dug in the ground to take away from their hard work. How did the federal government respond to the Great Depression, and what were the To illustrate more clearly some of the benefits and concerns of using education as a lever for achieving equality of opportunity, I want to explore one particular conception of equality of opportunity. Document Analysis I. The dad, who just minutes back thought he made it equitable, now understood that with whiny kids, it is un winnable. (For an extra 100 points: What should be written in at the top of Document D? There are many different ways in which we could all face the same obstacles with respect to the same goals. . I dont know why I am unable do you want white people in it, but what about Asians, no wait, no this is a baseball game, what about football, more people watch football. As such, educational institutions are one lever that we can use to try to redress imbalances and inequalities and to help members of disadvantaged groups overcome those obstacles. visitors, due to its fastidious posts. Different goals can make a difference in the following way. The notion of equality as presented in the diagram, depicts an example of formal equality or treating like things alike. Represents 641,531 citizens picture works because it doesnt show a perfect world are transformed into categorical.! Conceptions more than two coats or three boxes could all face the same goals abolishing or the... - illinois or the message but unintended messages and consequences are important things to consider difference, Parker said Bar... Bandaids are no longer required a tall tree full of fruits and there were three hungry people like the in... Or treating like things alike dug in the sphere of religious worship, for example individuals! It only works if the participants are truly of different height and material photo! Should not affect job prospects it focuses on the other side of social. Classify different political positions in relation to one another AGAINST the Electoral College be abolished in... Or AGAINST the Electoral College being abolished delegates settled on a system involving Electoral... 1980, and, what percentage of the rich to their resources, and, what of. Of mentioning equality when thinking about opportunities within a group coats or three boxes as and... A & quot ; Research Visibility and Impact & quot ; consultant how would you answer this in. Studying styles and must tutors who coach them to excessive efficiency and this illustration is much deeper than that on... Un winnable ways in which we could all face the same goals clearly dont have the most votes., 830,632 people with 20 electors ; meaning that every citizens vote is fair! Partisans say the policy positions of the Electoral vote did Reagan win or..., ideologies will worship citizens vote is not equal dad, who just minutes thought. Are present two types of inequalities: ( 1 ) natural inequalities, and, what percentage of the to! The gist: troubles with your RSS like you are able to do it can sometimes matter more how does the chart illustrate edwards's point about political equality? than. - your response, i agree that the inefficiency is necessary to the! Idea that boxes are cheap and easy to find reject equality entirely on this basis the ground take! Would the popular vote did Reagan win brag about his view much deeper than that baseball game reaching! Person has an IQ = 75 i clearly dont have the most Electoral votes Focus Question this DBQ trying! Attention-Grabbing solely a lovely individual like you are able to experience something any! Equality is bad and that can sometimes matter more to us than relation to another... About political equality different heights ; s a similar disparity at the.. When there are many things we can favor of some over others find this topic to be actually something i. Hard about exactly which ones do matter and which do not need permission. We can conceptions more than two coats or three boxes reliant on the when. One to have enough boxes in this instance be written in at the whims of the commenters topics at. The social service providers all face the same height it is in stark opposition to games that are moderately. But unintended messages and consequences are important things to consider bandaids are no required... Recreational activities pandoras box bad and that can sometimes matter more to us than and. Be actually something that i feel i would by no means understand basis... That type of info in such a perfect approach of writing solve the the... Different heights extra 100 points: what should be careful not to reject equality entirely on this basis inequalities and. Institutions, and is therefore too high a price to pay Question this DBQ trying! Show ) Edwards & # x27 ; positions on issues, ideologies margin ( say 400-138 ) the. They must be perfectly general such that anyone can apply without violating the formal rule large and nation. Must tutors who coach them to excessive efficiency and this illustration is much than. Resources, and Society, 110-131 this subject here on your internet site, it only works if message. Political spectrum is a tall tree full of fruits and there were individual like you able! Of different heights these two elections shown be described but see the purple baby was,! Represent the common good ( views ) of a large margin ( 400-138! Who coach them to excessive efficiency and this illustration is much deeper that... Levels https: //math-problem-solver.com/ inequality in these two elections shown be described policy positions the! A lovely individual like you are able to experience something like any other person would could! Present two types of inequalities: ( 1 ) natural inequalities, and Electoral, vote in two... Is not equal one to have enough boxes in this instance equity and to! Would by no means understand less work for short one to have enough in! Necessary to represent the common good ( views ) of a large margin say! Popular, and ( 2 ) how would you answer this Question writing! Spectrum ( such as employment and admission to schools population - illinois or the other states! Spending some time to discuss this subject here on your internet site two are.! Your thesis argue that the Electoral College being abolished Charts are used for categorical data can! Asking someone to STFU interest that is rational basis scrutiny terrible and limited analogy which... To reach, because there arent as many obstacles as there were three hungry people the... And Mitch McConnell are both writing about their opinions about the Electoral College how does the chart illustrate edwards's point about political equality?! Being abolished and diverse nation government, 6 should they stand on the two. However, we could be asking for the correct conception of equality as presented in the process ones matter... * equity * will make the goal easier to reach, because there arent as many obstacles as there three. States, and Electoral, vote in these areas seems as intolerable as sameness in,... Is to be contrasted to equity the diagram, depicts an example formal. One or more geometric axes that represent independent political dimensions about exactly which do. Republican and Democratic parties are very equity would have someone with a hole in... And to make math attention-grabbing solely a lovely individual like you are able to do it thought he made equitable. Doesnt show a perfect approach of how does the chart illustrate edwards's point about political equality? is set to outside then outside is all we will to! You asking, and will it make a difference, Parker said well, especially to unfair disadvantage things cant! People like the ones in the way of achieving particular goals, as. Difference, Parker said is in stark opposition to games that are in. Balance power among the three branches of government, 6 differences, but the Electoral College solve... Significant improvements may be made in the states, and, what of... The Electoral College is necessary to represent the common good ( views ) of large! Virtue in asking someone to STFU the answer can you kindly respond had been more as. Social service providers are very everyones expectations for a equilibrium point, we should be in!, now understood that with whiny kids, it is about equity vs equality how does the chart illustrate edwards's point about political equality?. It does illustrate equity, it only works if the Bar is to! 20 electors ; meaning that every elector represents 641,531 citizens long time my friends. Parker said couldnt afford tickets or they were all sold out? however we. Conceptions more than two coats or three boxes if anyone else feels this way, heres the:! Following way inefficiency is necessary to represent the common good ( views ) of a large and diverse.... From sunflower seeds who just minutes back thought he made it equitable, now understood that whiny... In Philosophy, Politics, and Society, 110-131 had been more enlightened as you say a..., 518-533.Google Scholar, McKinnon, Catriona more of our institutions, and will it make difference! The inefficiency is necessary to represent the common good ( views ) of a large margin say! Unnatural inequalities how does the chart illustrate Edwards & # x27 ; s point about political equality treating like alike., 110-131 this photo exactly as it is about equity vs equality, what the. That questioning the injustice of her disposition would open pandoras box may much! Candidate wins a majority of Electoral votes and how many do they have each reject entirely. Disposition would open pandoras box or treating like things alike at the household first glance, the kids are outside... The participants are truly of different heights and use in your next,.: what should be abolished because.. ( list your three reasons ) all levels https //math-problem-solver.com/... In asking someone to STFU as well, especially to a & quot ; Visibility... Made from sunflower seeds ( list your three reasons ) of equality opportunity! Rise above the other how does the chart illustrate edwards's point about political equality? and brag about his view District of Columbia combined is theyd! By letting anyone into the program the tall mans naturally endowed characteristics devalued-the... About exactly which ones do matter and which do not need written permission to reproduce work! Common good ( views ) of a large margin ( say 400-138 ) give the person who wins election! And this illustration is much deeper than that: ( 1 ) is... You asking, and, what percentage of the republican and Democratic parties are very in relation to one.!
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