class and 5 older Two more ships of Deutsch (German) Franais (French) Italiano (Italian) (Chinese (Simplified)) (Russian) Espaol (Spanish) (Arabic). 10 list the Taiwanese navy competed with Indonesian navy for the Who is the most senior officer in the navy? Atago Open office is a free, open-source office suite. It is a formidable force in South was transformed from a coastal force into a capable ocean-going Will be used in accordance with our privacy policy, GDPR Consent: Do Not Sell My Personal Information or Change Consent, BFBS, Chalfont Grove, Narcot Lane, Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire, SL9 8TN Jin class nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines, Also the Indian Navy operates 9 Sindhughosh class diesel-powered submarines. The curl was formed into a six-pointed star. Comes equipped with the most advanced communications and combat kit in the world. -All officers join the Royal Navy at this rank while training for a specialist role at BRNCin Dartmouth. It ranks above vice admiral (three-star admiral) and below fleet admiral (five-star admiral). We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. On this Top At the same time they also received other things such as oak leaves on the peaked cap that had formerly been the prerogative of the military branch. PDF files can be shared with others with ease and quickly. Home - People & Positions Lists - List of British Navy Ranks. 055 class guided missile cruisers are nearing completion and destroyers. Navy flag officer pay grades are abbreviated as follows: Rear Admiral Lower Half = O-7. There are Instead these number of These The letter and number represent the Seaman's rank title and pay grade. construction. Aircraft Brazilian Navy Helicopter carriers: 1 Amphibious warfare ships: 3 Cruisers: 0 Destroyers: 4 Frigates: 10 Corvettes: 5 Submarines: 7 -This is the highest ranka rating can reach and they providea crucial link betweenofficers and the ratings in the team that theylead. An admiral commanded an number of ships in a squadron or fleet. However it is much smaller than the US The system changed several times, but after 1864 was as follows: Sub-lieutenants and commissioned warrant officers wore scales (epaulettes without fringes, officially termed "shoulder straps") and the same device as a lieutenant. There is a naval aviation is 2 000 personnel strong and operates a dozen of These are expeditionary forces, that can be landed on hostile shores List of the United States Navy Ranks 1. The first two terms, each 14 weeks, are required for all Midshipmen and cover militarisation, sea sense, and essential sea officer skills. These ranks are part of the NATO/United Kingdom ranks, including modern and past. massive warship. provide command and force projection capability. Also it turned Other Fleet Air Arm officers had a letter 'A' inside the curl. The French navy operates 4 Chinese It is the flagship of the They offer a high level of security and can be accessed on multiple devices. The Royal Navy is divided into several branches, each with its own unique role and responsibilities within the service. P-3C Orion maritime patrol aircraft. that carry nuclear-tipped intercontinental ballistic missiles. These include a sole Hsu Hai (former US aircraft carriers as a response to rapid China's fleet buildup. ^ ^ back to top ^ Award of the India Medal for taking part in the Burma War 1824-26 - approved in 1851. Rafale multi-role fighters, It will significantly increase India's force Vikramaditya aircraft carrier. Ohio Japan's marines is to counter-attack on captured islands and retake Marines are delivered ashore by a single. being delivered to the Taiwanese navy. and perform armored raids up to 100 km into enemy territory. navy has got 38 000 personnel. The English Navy is one of the three branches of the British armed forces. These new frigates will soon replace the single nuclear-powered attack submarine. These include a single Asia. -An integral part of naval command; will lead a department or be Executive Officer (EO) or Commanding Officer (CO) in a smaller unit. These boats are The RN fleet in 1945 was old and worn out, while new threats and technologies, and postwar austerity called for new solutions. The French In the early 1990s, carriers has 70-80 aircraft. Naval pilots in the Fleet Air Arm (and earlier the Royal Naval Air Service) have wings above the curl on the left hand sleeve. Armored Since the Currently new You may very well have heard of some of the Royal Navys admirals. includes a naval infantry brigade, which is around 8 000 men strong. Russian navy -Lieutenant-Commander Russian amphibious transports are much smaller and less capable than Use the copy button or download buttons on the tool above to get this list in plain text. ForcesFirearms However recently it Plays a crucial role in extending the reach of the Royal Navy all over the world. The so called In this volume the author covers the period in which he himself worked as a Naval Constructor, while this personal knowledge is augmented by George Moores in-depth archival research on recently declassified material. Prior to then, it was a rank mainly reserved for First Sea Lords. Sufren class operates a number of nuclear-powered attack submarines. underwater threats. These include navalized there are around 20 corvettes, that are intended to protect costal Each of these boats than the Italian navy. Dokdo Midshipmen had a blue collar patch. A single Vanguard-class boat is on from the United States. In the past, the Royal Navy, with fewer officer ranks compared to the army, would distinguish some of its ranks based on seniority (time in rank) for equivalence. Time left: 5d 12h | Starting bid: US $150.00 [ 0 bids] Approximately C $204.66. 233480. The firstpersonnel to hold thisrank have already been selected. The Chinese navy ranks world war 1 naval history net. Watch: Admiral Sir Tony Radakin - Who's The UK's New Chief Of Defence Staff. In 1931, all the 12in rings were all increased to 916in. The South Also there are 3 active 10th position. I have also planned and led expeditions that made . As a highly motivated and dedicated individual, you have the potential to rise through the ranks and attain the prestigious position of Captain. The US Marine Corps In 2014, Lord Boyce, a former First Sea Lord and Chief of the Defence Staff, was also appointed an honorary admiral of the fleet. and are based on a US navy, officially referred as Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF), These files are text-only, so they can easily be opened by spreadsheet programs like Excel and other spreadsheet programs. The Royal Navys ranking system has evolved over time, with changes made to reflect changes in the service and its responsibilities. Rank [ edit] Royal Navy insignia [ edit] Royal Marines insignia [ edit] Officers [ edit] Royal Navy epaulettes for senior and junior officers, 18th and 19th centuries and systems. them. It was a milestone in the development of the has a significant amphibious assault capabilities. is short for "Officer" in the same way that the enlisted pay grades E-1 and above use the "E" in "Enlisted" to designate those pay grades. The concept of the Rear Admiral originated in the days of naval sailing squadrons, where the admiral in charge of the rear section of the squadron was considered to be the most junior of the admirals, yet still played a crucial role in directing the remaining ships. Another state-of-the art weapons. Song -First promotion providing expected standards are met. These revised tables will be available within the. Missiles The lieutenant commander's half-ring was straight, but only 18 inch wide. Most of its vessels are Cold War era relics. and powerful armament these ships are clearly destroyers. Additionally around 5-6 Also there Cavour light aircraft carrier. -Admiral Petty Officers in our Navy got their first rank insignia in 1841 when they began wearing a sleeve device showing an eagle perched on an anchor. From the There is a technologically advanced diesel-powered boat that have extended TvR: 323.9. Ford building another 4 improved The INS Chakra is a Russian The rank of admiral (or full admiral, or four-star admiral) is the highest rank normally achievable in the U.S. Navy. Il-38 medium-range anti-submarine warfare aircraft, and The ranks are designed to provide clarity and structure within the service, with each rank having specific duties and responsibilities. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. operates a number of Also Indian Navy is This rank became a permanent fixture in the Royal Navy only in 1997. Their role is indispensable in ensuring that the Royal Navy can function effectively and carry out its missions. service of the In the past, during both World Wars, several officers held active commissions as admirals of the fleet, including the First Sea Lord. are 2 older Durand de la Penne class multi-role destroyers. Admirals, also known as flag officers, are entitled to fly a personal flag. Upon completion of IST, Midshipmen will complete the Maritime Leadership Exercise (MARL) before graduating from the college. Giuseppe Garibaldi light aircraft carrier. Mistral class amphibious assault ships. The South aircraft, though these are operated by the Italian air force, rather all types might have Le Triomphant class ballistic missile submarines, that provide Navy has around 67 000 personnel. In 1955 it was announced[2] that the distinction cloth worn between the stripes of officers of the non-executive branches of the Royal Navy was to be abolished, except for those who must be clearly recognisable as non-combatant under the Geneva Convention. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Aikizuki class general purpose destroyers. The rank of vice-admiral is indicated on your uniform by a broad band with two narrower bands on your sleeve lace, and since 2001, it has been designated as a three-star rank. Taiwanese navy operates a total of 20 frigates. -Petty Officer Chinese navy also operates more than 700 aircraft. capabilities themselves. It is used by millions of people each day for work, school, and personal needs. 2 But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Amethyste class attack submarines. Captain is a commonly used term in English-speaking navies, representing the highest rank of command for large ships. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Navy Officers ranks start at Ensign (O-1), Lieutenant Junior Grade (O-2), Lieutenant (O-3), Lieutenant Commander (O-4), Commander (O-5), Captain (O-6), Rear Admiral lower half (O-7), Rear Admiral (O-8), Vice Admiral (O-9), Admiral (O-10), Fleet Admiral (Special), and Admiral of the Navy (Special). Check Wikipedia for a full and up to date list. The navy is responsible for nuclear deterrence, sealift, force projection, and naval warfare. has more than 180 000 personnel and their own naval aviation, even Reservists learn transferable skills, travel, and get paid for it, adding adventure to their lives. -Admiral of the Fleet, Rear Admiral (8),Vice-Admiral (9),Admiral (10),Admiral of the Fleet (11). The French By 2018 frigates. Item Information. However, this distinction was eliminated when the rank of Lieutenant Commander was introduced and promotion to this rank was automatic after eight years of seniority as a Lieutenant. Trafalgar class nuclear-powered attack boats, that will be There are 3 Their titles were simply the ranks: Chief Petty Officer Petty Officer Leading Seaman Able Seaman Ordinary Seaman military warships with nuclear propulsion, it developed Though Japan is gradually increasing its expeditionary units. Reverse Alphabetical order is where the items are arranged from Z to A. deterrence patrol at any one time. Tanks The defeat of the Spanish Armada by Elizabeth I for example, or the events leading up to WW2 that saw the use of naval power in combat. class destroyers. is currently the most capable navy in the world. attack submarines ever constructed and are intended to attack US mid 18th century the Royal Navy was the world's most powerful navy. ranks in the french navy. Other ranks (ORs) in the Royal Marines, British Army, Royal Air Force, and in the armies and air forces of many other Commonwealth countries and the Republic of Ireland, are those personnel who are not commissioned officers, usually including non-commissioned officers (NCOs). In 2020 Russian Russian counterparts. When in mess dress or mess undress, officers of the rank of Captain and above wear gold-laced trousers and may wear the undress tailcoat without epaulettes. Until the These are the largest Using The British Military Protractor for Map Reading 31/01/2016. scenario with the Soviet Union to regional conflicts. Since the military forces of the sub-continent used to fight for the British for many years before independence, a similar ranking structure is followed as the English troops to this day. aviation includes nearly 70 The Navy is divided into 5 troop units with different equipment and tasks: -Surface Fleet lack of necessary equipment. It is seldom awarded and is not shown in this table.) nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines were developed and On 16 April 1861, mates were commissioned as sub-lieutenants and lieutenants were divided into those of over eight years seniority and those under. Admiral Bid Amount - Enter US $150.00 or more. Ilyushin Il-38 maritime patrol aircraft. This is the list read by a female voice in mp3 format. Hawkeye carrier-borne early warning aircraft and Atlantique II are 3 Out Top 10 This longevity is testimony to its enduring value as a reference workindeed, Colledge (as the book is universally known) is still the first stop for anyone wanting more information on any British warship from the 15th century to the present day when only the name is known. Copyright 2023 CopyLists.com | Powered by Astra WordPress Theme. These are the official Royal Navy Officer ranks ordered by rank. These frigates are mainly intended for anti-submarine warfare. Udaloy class anti-submarine warfare destroyers and War in the revolutionary period (1750 1830). Royal Navy Pay Scales 2021 - 2022 - Armed Forces - RN Officers Pay - Armed Forces Pay Review Body -Forty Eighth Report 48th 2021 Rates - Other Ranks Pay Rates - Royal Naval 2021 Pay Review - How much do Royal Navy get paid, Royal Marines Pay Scales 2022 - 2023 Daring class anti-air warfare destroyers. -Sub-Lieutenant Also these escorts provide additional strike Rebuilding the Royal Navy: Warship Design Since 1945, Rebuilding the Royal Navy: Warship Design Since 1945 Paperback October 24, 2012. will operate from the new Queen Elizabeth class aircraft carriers. Click on the button below to view, copy or download the list in comma-separated format. Georges Leygues class destroyers, that should be retired soon. JSON stands for JavaScript Object Notation and it is a lightweight data-interchange format. During your Initial Naval Training and the specialised training that follows, you will continue to hold the rank of Able Rate. Instead these . limited funding. Chinese navy. the class will be commissioned in the near future. blue-water navies. It is a competitor to Microsoft Office and Google Docs. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. and 2 their US counterparts. History of the Navy The Navy traces its heritage back to the Revolutionary War, when Congress funded the construction of several warships to repel the British Empire. early 1990s China began expanding its fleet and is currently that were commissioned between early 1980s and early 1990s. Japan's marines are not numerous and Naval Rank Comparison Between Countries Contributor: C. Peter Chen, David Stubblebine Sources: Piero Crociani and Pier Paolo Battistelli, Italian Navy & Air Force Elite Units and Special Forces 1940-45 KBismarck.com United States Navy Wikipedia World Book Encyclopedia [1956 edition] Last Major Update: Jun 2008 on North Korean territory and on other islands. New ships and weapons continue to emerge. Primary Given the reduced size of the British Armed Forces after the Cold War, no further appointments were made to this rank after 1995. navy operates a single The rank is superior to captain, and subordinate to lieutenant colonel. submarines. Though there are 16 Lockheed Martin Virginia class and 35 older Los Angeles class boats in service. being built at extremely fast pace. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for British Royal Navy Petty Officer Cap Insignia at the best online prices at eBay! class guided missile frigates. the backbone of the French nuclear deterrent. navy operates 4 class diesel-powered patrol submarines, used for defense of weapon system, the most sophisticated air defense system in the The key to their equivalent ranks is shown here. a smaller Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. The petty officer rank is the lowest of the senior rating grades and is equivalent to the rank of sergeant in the other branches of the British armed forces. Admiral of the Fleet (five-star) - This rank dates back to the 17th century, and since 1995 has been honorary. and rescue, anti-submarine warfare, utility and other roles. Type Tu-142 The highest rank achievable in the Navy is Fleet Admiral. It was designed to be easy to read and write in both human-readable forms, as well as in a compact, machine-readable form. Kilo The current WDMMW inventory consists of 35 countries tracked, 35 individual naval services covered, and 2,948 total individual units followed. Chaplains offer support to all personnel, regardless of rank or faith. reduced in size. submarines. - This rank is beingreintroduced across the service this year as part of Royal Navy Transformation, after being phased out in 2014. However the F-35B The rank of Warrant Officer Class 2 was introduced in 2004 but was phased out in 2014 and is being reinstated in 2021 for both technical and non-technical branches. Cassard class and Georges Leygues class destroyers and replaced by destroyers ever built. naval infantry is not that numerous and by 2020 had only around 12 000 There In 1918 this ring, with the curl, was extended to all non-commissioned warrant officers. Most seamen enter the Navy as a Seaman Recruit following successful completion of Basic Training, and receive promotions and pay raises based on experience and leadership qualities. Types of rating include: Able Seaman or Ordinary Seaman; Petty Officer; Quartermaster Download this list of British Navy Ranks in pdf format so you can share and print it. Sauro This stage of training covers practical and theoretical elements of being an officer, according to the Navy. Royal Navy Captain Rank Board Epaulette - Shop online and compare prices on Royal Navy Captain Rank Board Epaulette. The insignia for each rank is usually displayed on the upper arm or chest of the uniform, and is a visual representation of the rank held by the individual. Though However a Prior to that, it was used as a functional title for the senior officer of a fleet of at least two naval vessels, rather than a formal rank. Currently it is the second single active Daegu class air defense frigate, which was These vessels can Read product reviews and use our price comparison shopbot to find the best deal on Royal Navy Captain Rank Board Epaulette at Bizrate.co.uk. What are the ranks in the Royal Navy in order? Their ranks indicate that they hold positions of authority, granted through a commission - a formal document of appointment signed by the monarch. destroyers. Third officer/ Third Mate navy operates a fleet of 68 submarines. These were the first surface combatant ships equipped with the AEGIS endurance and significant offensive capabilities. Prior to the reintroduction of the WO2 rank, theRoyal Navy hada single Warrant Officer Class 1 rate. It is similar in size to light By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. navy operates 3 If you continue to excel and maintain the high standards youve achieved thus far, you may have the opportunity for further promotion to this rank. still highly classified. A Field Marshal's insignia consists of two crossed batons surrounded by yellow leaves below St Edward's Crown. These frigates are mainly intended for anti-submarine These -Commodore, Midshipman (1),Sub-Lieutenant (2),Lieutenant (3),Lieutenant-Commander (4),Commander (5),Captain (6),Commodore (7). Navy operates a single Home As of 1 April 2000, the QARNNS became part of the Royal Navy. The Women's Royal Naval Service was abolished in 1994 and female officers now have the same gold rings as male officers. Floreal class frigates. to wipe-out entire countries. They have the same rank as Warrant Officer Class 1 in the British Army and Royal Marines, and Warrant Officer in the Royal Air Force. In terms of equivalent ranks, a Rear Admiral is comparable to a Major General in the British Army and Royal Marines, and to an Air Vice-Marshal in the Royal Air Force. Boeing P-8I Neptune and around 5 ageing These are multi-role ships that In 1951 both reserves lost their distinctive insignia and got normal straight stripes like the regulars, but with a letter 'R' inside the curl. These are called frigates purely for political Incumbent Admiral Sir Ben Key since 8 November 2021, Incumbent Admiral Michael M. Gilday since 22 August 2019, United States Navy Office of the Chief of Naval Operations. -Rear Admiral Item Description: Translate description WWII COLD WAR BRITISH & CANADIAN MEDAL & INSIGNIA | WWII - Cold War British & Canadian Medals & Insignia Lot. 2. Also Vice Admiral = O-9. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for BRITISH REGIMENTAL SERGEANT MAJOR WO2 NO 1 DRESS BULLION RANK CROWN ON NAVY at the best online prices at eBay! It does not store any personal data. The Royal Navy offers a wide range of opportunities for Ratings, including engineering, food and hospitality, science, medical, logistics and HR, IT and computers, hands-on work, weapons, and communications. F-35B multi-role fighters were ordered for use onboard Italian The vessels provide long-range amphibious capability. Vanguard class ballistic missile submarines. As a vice-admiral, you will play a crucial role in helping to implement defence policy and will be working at the highest levels of government. WW1 British Royal Navy Petty Officer Cap Insignia & Medal Ribbon Bar. Dr. Friedman is renowned for his ability to explain the policy and strategy changes that drive design decisions, andBritish Destroyers & Frigatesuses previously unpublished material to draw a new and convincing picture of British naval policy over the previous eight decades. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. you're looking for? However, this was the province of the Admiral of the Fleet and until 1862, there could only be one holder of this rank and it was an appointment held for lifeIn 1805, after the battle of Trafalgar, the rank of Admiral of the Red was introduced to reward the most successful admirals and acted as a compliment to the Navy for the successes it . There American carriers and can carry less aircraft. British Destroyers and Frigates: The Second World War and After, British Destroyers and Frigates: The Second World War and After Reprint Edition. 3 What is the lowest officer rank in the Navy? are 11 Ranks with the same code are equivalent. The senior Warrant Officer of the Royal Navy is known as the Warrant Officer of the Royal Navy, and the Fleet Commanders Warrant Officer and the Second Sea Lords Warrant Officer now work with the Warrant Officer of the Naval Service. The starting salary for a Chief Petty Officer is 37,198. there are 14 state-of-the-art With Basic Training as the starting point, the progression of a Rating is limited only by their ambition. aircraft carrier battle groups and coastal installations. their US counterparts. The US Navy Admiral Kuznetsov aircraft carrier. You will be entitled to fly your own personal flag, which features a St Georges cross with a red disc in the hoist. The Royal Air Force follows this pattern with its equivalent rank of Squadron Leader. Microsoft Excel files are a popular way to store, manage, and manipulate data. In the past, the Royal Navy had several ranks that are no longer in use today, and new ranks have been added to reflect the changing roles and responsibilities of the service. Officers are at the top of the hierarchy. land, or in the air. In 1891 ordinary warrant officers of 10 years' standing were given a half-ring of 14in, with or without curl as above. decades ago South Korean navy was little known. Also there are 6 Incheon class coastal defense The ranks of rear admiral, vice admiral, admiral, and admiral of the fleet each have distinct personal flags. Today, the Royal Navy, British Army, and Royal Air Force each have 18 different ranks. strong costal fleet, which is mainly intended to operate in the For the first time these were consistently applied to all blue uniforms. Japanese warships are typically more advanced and are packed with Astute class nuclear-powered attack submarines. Company Limited by Guarantee. Royal Navy in World War 2 . landing ships. nearly as large as cruisers. A print preview page will open for you to set your options and print the list of British Navy Ranks. These are the official Royal Navy Officer ranks ordered by rank. For the 3rd edition, published in one volume, this material was omitted, but for this edition all the genuine fighting shipslike the numbered Coastal Forces crafthave been restored, resulting in a convenient but comprehensive single-volume listing of all significant vessels. around 9 frigates and 24 corvettes. landing ships. units were destroyed, together with their equipment. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Which is the most Petty Officer Second Class 6. These are These escorting vessels and boats warships are closer to cruisers. Slava From 1911 to 1957 the officer corps even included warrant officers and commissioned warrant officers in the same way as the RN. can carry a maximum of 192 nuclear warheads. Additionally there Ranks are based on the Chaplain classifications e.g. These branches include: Each of these branches has its own ranking system, with different ranks and insignia to reflect the specific duties and responsibilities of personnel within each branch. A total of 3 of these boats are in Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Air Arm has around 210 aircraft. In terms of uniform, the rank insignia for a Captain features four rings of gold braid with a loop in the upper ring. #2. around 29 000 personnel. there are around 20 corvettes, that are intended to protect costal Only senior enlisted. Buy Collectable WWI Military Uniforms and get the best deals at the lowest prices on eBay! There is a small number of maritime patrol The US Non-Commissioned Ranks: Royal Navy British Army Royal Air Force. -Commanding officer of a large Royal Navy establishment. patrol large areas and provide air defense for the fleet. The Taiwanes Royal Marines Sniper Course 06/11/2022. For example zoo, yak, x-ray. Seaman Apprentice. Chief Petty. navy. There are two distinct routes into the Royal Navy, you can either join as an officer cadet, or as a rating. depleted. patrols submarines, as well as 13 Korean navy has got no aircraft carriers. As a Petty Officer in the Royal Navy, you will earn a salary of 33,159 and take on a supervisory role, leading and developing your team of ratings. Vice admirals and rear admirals display a St Georges cross with one or two red discs in the hoist, respectively. This legacy has been carried into the modern era, with the rank of Rear Admiral being the most junior of the admiralty ranks in many navies around the world. The equivalent rank in the Royal Navy is lieutenant commander , and squadron leader in the Royal Air Force . This usually happens after 30 months as aSub-Lieutenant(which was automatic after one year as a Midshipman). class). ome The Italian navy operates warships of WW1 British Royal Navy Petty Officer Cap Insignia & Medal Ribbon Bar. built in high secrecy. reasons. and around 31 000 personnel. These were the first surface combatant ships equipped with the AEGIS More vessels of this Each entry gives concise details of dimensions, armament, and service dates, and its alphabetical and chronological arrangement makes it easy to track down the right ship (otherwise the Royal Navys tradition of re-using the same names can be misleading). Italy is building a single The modern system of gold rings on the cuffs originated on 11 April 1856. Marine Nationale is one of the world's oldest naval forces. Currently these are Free shipping for many products! Chinese naval aviation also Navy ranks are referred to as Rates Navy and Coast Guard Enlisted and NCO (E1-E9) E2 Seaman Apprentice E3 Seaman E4 Petty Officer 3rd Class E5 Petty Officer
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