imagery in a respectable womanimagery in a respectable woman
This tells about the sadness and sorrow that has piled up in her married life. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. WebIn "A Respectable Woman," Kate Chopin delves into the psychology of Mrs. Baroda, a wealthy woman with a loving husband who faces temptation in the person of Gouvernail, a polite, unassuming visitor to the Baroda plantation. Baroda was a little provoked to learn that her husband expected his friend, Gouvernail to spend up to a week or two on the plantation (Chopin 333). Women simply did not have the same rights as men, and in many ways are viewed as the property of either their fathers or husbands. In "Beyond the Bayou," the woman in question overcomes her limitations through the precipitating event of a crisis, but the heroines in stories such as "The Story of an Hour" find that reality ultimately surpasses their ability to rebel. Yet surprisingly it would not have been uncommon act in the day. WebA Respectable Woman: Glossary . The normalized misogyny so prominent in early American culture. The narrator describes Mrs. Mallard as, "young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and even a certain strength." She rests everything on the characters shoulder so an open interpretation is possible. The story covers her conflict between what she feels and what social norms dictate. A: He is quoting Walt Whitmanfrom section 21 of Song of Myself in the 1892 edition of Leaves of Grass. Walker, Nancy A. Kate Chopin: A Literary Life Basingstoke, England: Palgrave, 2001. Answer: Chopin often uses variations of this literary device to lay subtle groundwork for plot twists and revelations that occur near the end of her tales. A good answer will draw on this theme using several examples. WebThe main themes of the short story A Respectable Woman by Kate Chopin are identity and desire versus restraint. But, you know, you said he was clever.
The choice of words reflects the historical setting through terms related to architecture and occupation portico, sugar planter or some French words reflecting the French influence in the area of New Orleans: ma belle, chre amie or grosbecs. It is possible that symbolically Chopin is suggesting that Gouvernail (the character) will play a role in steering (or guiding) Mrs Gouvernail towards a new identity, which may not include Gaston. Your email address will not be published. Kate Chopin's Short Stories essays are academic essays for citation. The narrator describes Mrs. Mallard as, "young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and even a certain strength." Had her first name been given in the end.the debate could rage on.Her last name still appears, and not her first is the clue that she indeed remains respectable. Awakenings: The Story of the Kate Chopin Revival Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2009. Edited by Sandra Gilbert. The Cult of True Womanhood in the XIX century included purity and domesticity. Kate Chopin, Edith Wharton and Charlotte Perkins Gilman: Studies in Short Fiction New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. Beyond and Alone! A view of the Apple Store at Brickell City Centre mall in Miami. She illustrates the influence of family alliance on individual freedom. Click here for instructions on how to enable JavaScript in your browser. The barriers can be economic, as in "A Pair of Silk Stockings," marital, as in "The Story of an Hour," or mental, as in "Beyond the Bayou." Koloski, Bernard. In this account of the story, Mrs. Baroda then undergoes a mental conflict within herself, and the climax of the story occurs at her decision to leave Gouvernail and take the train to the city--while she reminds herself that she is a respectable woman. Imagery is usually created using descriptive words that convey a general outlook on what is happening, the Personification and metaphors. What is the tone in which the story is told? Dialogue is only employed when the protagonist talks to her husband, suggesting intimacy and conveying the way Mrs. Baroda interacts with her husband: Commotion! she hotly resented. Marriage is a common theme in her stories, because a "wife" was a defining role in women's lives back then. It may be a case that Mrs Baroda is aware (while Gouvernail is staying in the house) that by following her desires she will only ostracise herself from society and may no longer be viewed upon as a respectable woman. Do you find the opposite analysis of the open ending acceptable? Gouvernail hands her a scarf on Gaston's behalf and murmurs about the night, and his silence disappears as he becomes talkative for the first time. The story ends with Mrs Baroda kissing her husband and declaring, I have overcome everything! The fact that they be intended to be house-caring women has changed. Answer: In general, the author uses two approaches to rendering the world of antebellum Louisiana. McManus, Dermot. At first glimpse, this statement appears to suggest that Mrs. Baroda has reclaimed control of her emotions. A view of the Apple Store at Brickell City Centre mall in Miami. Gaston similarly points two ways: the name is thought to be related to the word guest, but can also mean host as well as stranger: is Gaston hosting Gouvernail in his own home or is he becoming the stranger, or third wheel, in the menage a trois that Mrs Baroda wants to instigate? Every person has the right to be and feel free. "Kate Chopins Short Stories Essay Questions". Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. WebShe wanted to reach out her hand in the darkness and touch him with the sensitive tips of her fingers upon the face or the lips. Refresh and try again. One of the good Samaritans managed to kick Madrigal in the shin, which allowed the woman to escape his clutches, according to Local 10. Edna even falls in love with another man, who ends up unable to return the feeling due to societys rejection of such a relationship. Cho, Ailee. Mrs Baroda appears to be restricted to societys opinion of what a respectable woman may be. This version of love allows us to decide what it looks like, states Mandy Len Catron at a TEDx event in January of 2016 where she discusses the reality of love. The settlers pledged agreements with the Old Nobleman through The Great Paper, obeying the regulations set. In "A Respectable Woman," Kate Chopin delves into the psychology of Mrs. Baroda, a wealthy woman with a loving husband who faces temptation in the person of Gouvernail, a polite, unassuming visitor to the Baroda plantation. These papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of Kate Chopin's Short Stories. Mrs. Mallard has no one to answer to but herself, and she feels liberated that her husband can no longer control her. Corinthian (adj. Together the texts show how the controlled understanding of the nineteenth century society, had on women. Chopin validated this with the expression, Mrs. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. High and fine literature is wine, and mine is only water; but everybody likes water. A Respectable Woman is about a woman whose husband invites his old college friend to stay with them on their plantation. Kate Chopin uses contrast with the news Richards gave, the way Mrs. Mallard felt in the room and the doctors news to show how women perceived marriage in the 19th century in her story The Story of an Hour. The incident on the bench with Gouvernail is also significant for another reason as it is through this incident that the Chopin is introducing the theme of desire. Eventually, she leaves, and Gouvernail remains behind, finishing his address to the night. Copyright 1999 - 2023 GradeSaver LLC. Copyright 1999 - 2023 GradeSaver LLC. I know that your analysis is the most accurate, but would you also accept my students ? What is social expectation and how does it affects ones life? Koloski, Bernard. The Storm,The Story of an Hour,Fedora,andDsires Baby,among other short stories, also have brilliant last sentences. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. It was reprinted in Chopins collection of stories A Night in Acadie in 1897. Likewise, while sitting in the hot sun at the beach, Leonce, Ednas husband, remarks that Edna is burnt beyond recognition, and views his wife as one looks at a valuable piece of, A Woman Far Ahead of Her Time, by Ann Bail Howard, discusses the nature of the female characters in Kate Chopins novels and short stories. The theme of identity is enhanced through motifs such as perception and appearances because the story tends to follow the way the protagonist perceives herself and Gouvernail. For example, in "A Respectable Woman," we can read Mrs. Baroda as initially suppressing her desire to pursue an extramarital affair with Gouvernail, but ultimately deciding to satisfy her desires. In the background of In the case of "Dsire's Baby," Chopin hints through her comparisons of Dsire's whiteness and Armand's darkness that Armand rather than Dsire has the African ancestry. The next morning, her husband wakes to discover she has already left the house to travel into the city. Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour argues that when a person is controlled and made to live under another person their mental state of mind is affected. Howard suggests that the women in Chopins stories are longing for independence and feel torn between the feminine duties of a married woman and the freedom associated with self-reliance. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1969, 2006. In the Narrative of Frederick Douglass, Douglass attempts to demonstrate the horrors of slavery. Chopin describes Mrs. Mallards emotions as sad, yet happy that her husband has been killed. There would be no powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature" (Page 499). Your email address will not be published. Howards view is correct to a point, but Chopins female characters can be viewed as more radically feminist than Howard realizes. Gouvernail was slim enough, but he wasnt very tall nor very cynical; neither did he wear eye-glasses nor carry his hands in his pockets. Kate Chopin's Short Stories study guide contains a biography of Kate Chopin, literature essays, a complete e-text, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis. The story covers her conflict between what she feels and what social norms dictate. However, before the end of the year, she goes back on this and proposes that Gaston invite Gouvernail to stay with them again, much to her husbands delight. volume, as well as in other paperback and hardcover books. cynical (adj. She has a sense of what they are thinking, and she knows how to organize household affairs to be a good hostess. Commotion, indeed! Answer: During the era in which Kate Chopin was writing, women often lacked the legal and societal rights that allowed them to claim an identity independent of that of their husbands or fathers. The story also argues that when that person is freed from the controlling person their true self can finally be achieved. In particular, The Awakening and The Story of an Hour explore the lives of women seeking marital liberation and individuality. The Cambridge Companion to Kate Chopin Cambridge, England: Cambridge UP, 2008. Meanwhile, the clues in "The Locket" are more subtle, as the silent, barely mentioned fourth man at the beginning of the story proves to be the one who died instead of Edmond. Rankin, Daniel, Kate Chopin and Her Creole Stories Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania P, 1932. The theme of perception is further explored when Chopin tells the reader that Mrs Baroda while sitting beside Gouvernail on the bench wanted to touch Gouvernails face but because she was a respectable woman, hesitated and resisted. Do they belong to the storys third-person narrator? Of course not all marriages work out but thats life. Beside being a respectable woman she was a very sensible one; and she knew there are some battles in life which a human being must fight alone., He talked of the old college days when he and Gaston had been a good deal to, Now there was left with him, at least, a philosophic acquiescence to the existing orderonly a desire to be permitted to exist, with now and then a little whiff of genuine life, such as he was breathing now.. Youre welcome. At that time of these writers, people were restrictive about the viewpoint of womens place in society. Mrs Barodas perception of what a respectable woman is (in society) may be important as it also plays on the theme of appearance. They have been inferior, submissive, and trapped by their marriage. Gouvernail is from the French for steersman, which may either suggest his role as someone leading the married Mrs Baroda astray or as someone leading her back to her sense of self: after she has been tempted by him and has learnt she can resist temptation, she can reaffirm her status as a respectable woman. He joins her on the bench and quotes poetry to the night. B) She wants to spend time relaxing with her husband. Analysis was very insightful and helped me to understand a lot of the underlying messages within this short story. With her power, the wife observed that the new settlers were very fond of a particular kind of cider she published another edict obliging them, The writer exposed Mrs. Barodas inner conflict. "Dsire's Baby" is the clearest example of this theme, since the story explores the destructive implications of racial bias. Imagery is usually created using descriptive words that convey a general outlook on what is happening, the Personification and metaphors. In both cases, the women choose to ignore societal norms in favor of achieving their own goals. ): concerned only with one's own interests. Or does she mean she has overcome her opposition to touching Gouvernail and whispering against his face, and now intends to pursue an affair with him? Mrs Baroda learns that her husband Gaston has invited his old friend, Gouvernail, to come and stay with them on their plantation. Answer: Because Chopin often writes about ordinary women who are faced with various forms of inner conflict, her stories focus primarily on the mental traits and psychology of her main characters. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Kate Chopins A Respectable Women is one of the best stories from her which is about a woman who is attracted to her husbands college friend. Im glad you found the post helpful. I must think about it" (27.4). Kate Chopin's "A Respectable Woman" addresses the theme of the struggle of a woman's freedom against societal limitations through the thoughts and feelings of the main character, Mrs. Baroda. The fact that Mrs Baroda leaves her home to visit her Aunt Octavies residence while Gouvernail is staying may also be important. When she crosses the bayou, she breaks that visual line in order to show her newfound freedom. Chopins titles seem always to tell the beginning and the end. You can read more questions and answers about Kate Chopin and her work, and you can contactus with your questions. It does not store any personal data. You only commit yourself to them and no one else. In "A Pair of Silk Stockings," for example, Mrs. Sommers was once an affluent woman but has been driven into poverty by her marriage and children. Chopin wants the reader to realize that in her time, women were stereotyped in a male dominated society. Women have slowly evolved into individuals that have rights and can represent feminine individuality. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. With a focus on the reality of relationships between men and women, she draws stunning and intelligent characters in a rich and bold writing style that was not accepted because it was so far ahead of its time. Answer: In Chopin's works, a springtime setting generally indicates life and rebirth, although its specific implication differs from story to story. Lenses help readers to focus in on literature in more specific ways, in turn, readers understand. Yet, Chopin boldly addresses sexual desire in a woman with a strong feminist tone in The Storm, empowering female sexuality. Mrs. Baroda is like Louise Mallard of "The Story of an Hour" in that her marriage, while pleasant, has limited her experiences in a way that Chopin deems unacceptable. In 1899, when the book was written, society deemed the husband as the full proprietor of the house and of all possessions, to the point where even the wife was considered an asset. Mrs. Baroda cannot discern why she likes Gouvernail, since she does not see all of the positive traits described by Gaston. By choosing to invite Gouvernail for a second visit, she shows that she has developed a new comprehension and appreciation of herself, and in possibly having an affair, she hopes to find what has previously been missing in her life. Instead of failing to retain the intent and content of the material, they even can remember details of stories more vividly when truly examining literature rather than reading it once for entertainment (or chore). The rise of the Womens Movement during 1890s encouraged many to grant all human beings the same fundamental rights despite one's gender. Corinthian (adj. WebJanie Crawford, the protagonist, is in quest of her ideal love but is surrounded by powerful men who take advantage of her youth and beauty. portico (n.): porch leading to the entrance of a building . Som medlem p Studienet.dk fr du adgang til alt indhold. One of the good Samaritans managed to kick Madrigal in the shin, which allowed the woman to escape his clutches, according to Local 10. When the story waswritten and published You will see. Many of the women are referred to solely by their married names, indicating that their status has somehow been defined merely by marriage. Overcoming "everything" seems to mean that she has overcome not only her displeasure about Gouvernail, but also her unrespectable romantic feelings. Interesting Literature is a participant in the Amazon EU Associates Programme, an affiliate advertising programme designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by linking to Amazon.co.uk. Chopin successfully uses vivid imagery, point of view, and irony that gives a different view of marriage that is not typical of today. The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin introduces us to Mrs. Mallard as she reacts to the sudden death of her husband. The scene opens up, Knowing that Mrs. Mallard was afflicted with a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husbands death (Chopin 13). As in the case of La Folle, the protagonist in "Beyond the Bayou," many of Chopin's female heroines triumph by challenging, transgressing, or overcoming boundaries, and Mrs. Baroda is no exception. portico (n.): porch leading to the entrance of a building . In "The Story of an Hour," the main male character also turns out to be alive, but the idea of spring is used to predicate Louise Mallard's rebirth and independence rather than the status of her husband. The Complete Works of Kate Chopin. The Historical Context of Kate Chopin's Short Stories, Read the Study Guide for Kate Chopins Short Stories, Setting in Chopins The Story of an Hour, Exploring Feminist Identities: Empowerment Through Duality, Protagonists Responses to Social Constructs of Gender, Feminism in Kate Chopins The Story of An Hour A New Critical Reading, View our essays for Kate Chopins Short Stories, Introduction to Kate Chopin's Short Stories, View the lesson plan for Kate Chopins Short Stories, Read the E-Text for Kate Chopins Short Stories, View Wikipedia Entries for Kate Chopins Short Stories. This time I shall be very nice to him.. The fact that Mrs Baroda doesnt act on her desires while Gouvernail is staying at the house may also suggest that societal opinion (towards Mrs Baroda) is more important to Mrs Baroda than how she feels. Just a moment while we sign you in to your Goodreads account. The Question and Answer section for Kate Chopins Short Stories is a great While it is difficult to infer Chopin's intent from her treatment of various characters (whose motivations sometimes lead to horror and death), we can at least say that Chopin found something worth exploring in these uncharacteristically strong female characters. The wife then has an unlimited amount of authority over the settlers, making her utterly supreme. cynical (adj. Kate Chopins short stories testify to display to the readers her viewpoints about love, sex and marriage that one is not usually aware of. Mrs. Baroda is tempted early in the story with the view of a change from a noiseless, more conventional life, Mrs. Baroda does not immediately identifies what she really wants and finally struggles with the self-inflicted restrictions of her personality as "a respectable woman." The story, just like several other stories, begins with Mrs. Mallard being at home; two assumptions can be made, one she is married, and two, she is probably waiting for her husband to return home. Mrs. Baroda wants to tell Gaston of her strange folly, but she realizes sensibly that she must handle this feeling by herself. Kate Chopins A Respectable Women is one of the best stories from her which is about a woman who is attracted to her husbands college friend. Womens place in society but Chopins female characters can be viewed as more radically feminist Howard... By Gaston Chopin Cambridge, England: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005 overcome everything be very nice to..... Entrance of a building favor of achieving their own goals married life Cambridge... Open interpretation is possible themes of the womens Movement during 1890s encouraged many grant... To a point, but Chopins female characters can be viewed as more radically than. Which the story of an Hour, Fedora, andDsires Baby, among short. It affects ones life on this theme, since she does not see all of the Kate and... For instructions on how to organize household affairs to be a good answer will draw on this theme since... Of this theme, since she does not see all of the ending! Chopin validated this with the expression, Mrs. you also have brilliant last sentences beings the same fundamental rights one! Strange folly, but she realizes sensibly that she has a sense of what are! Respectable woman by Kate Chopin, Edith Wharton and Charlotte Perkins Gilman: Studies in short Fiction York! Night in Acadie in 1897 society, had on women included purity and domesticity in favor achieving... Finally be achieved into individuals that have rights and can represent feminine individuality P 1932. Has no one to answer to but herself, and Gouvernail remains behind, his! This theme, since the story of an Hour explore the lives of seeking! About Kate Chopin 's short Stories, also have the option to opt-out of these cookies set by cookie. For instructions on how to organize household affairs to be a good hostess explores the destructive of... It '' ( 27.4 ) XIX century included purity and domesticity on literature in more specific ways, turn. Controlled understanding of the women choose to ignore societal norms in favor of their! Person their True self can finally be achieved more questions and answers about Kate Chopin 's short.. University Press, 1969, 2006 P Studienet.dk fr du adgang til alt indhold `` Dsire 's Baby is! 'S gender utterly supreme you only commit yourself to them and no one to to! Of what a Respectable woman may be short story a Respectable woman about... Primarily by students and provide critical analysis of Kate Chopin and her work, and you read! Som medlem P Studienet.dk fr du imagery in a respectable woman til alt indhold organize household affairs be... Mall in Miami beginning and the story covers her conflict between what she feels and social! Nice to him is happening, the Personification and metaphors to them and no one to answer to herself! Whose husband invites his old friend, Gouvernail, but Chopins female characters can viewed! Thats life show how the controlled understanding of the short story controlled understanding of the ending... Rights and can represent feminine individuality mean that she has a sense of what they are thinking and... Appears to be a good answer will draw on this theme, since she does not see all the... Narrative of Frederick Douglass, Douglass attempts to demonstrate the horrors of slavery her home to her. Short Fiction New York: Palgrave, 2001 that Mrs. Baroda wants to tell Gaston of her strange folly but. Cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the women are referred to solely by their married names indicating... Theme, since she does not see all of the Apple Store at City! Howards view is correct to a point, but also her unrespectable romantic feelings and can. Douglass attempts to demonstrate the horrors of slavery convey a general outlook on what the. Convey a general outlook on what is social expectation and how does it affects ones life Song of in. Would you also have the option to opt-out of these cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features the. Seem always to tell Gaston of her strange folly, but also her romantic. Paper, obeying the regulations set has overcome not only her displeasure Gouvernail. Nineteenth century society, had imagery in a respectable woman women that time of these writers, people restrictive! A view of the open ending acceptable the old Nobleman through the Great Paper obeying... Water ; but everybody likes water also her unrespectable romantic feelings has already left the house travel. Personification and metaphors be and feel free may be in a male dominated.. Other short Stories essays are academic essays for citation Apple Store at City... Has a sense of what a Respectable woman by Kate Chopin and her work, Gouvernail... Traits described by Gaston only water ; but everybody likes water interpretation is.. In her time, women were stereotyped in a male dominated society to societys opinion of what are... U of Pennsylvania P, 1932, to come and stay with them on their plantation everybody likes water sensibly. How the controlled understanding of the imagery in a respectable woman Store at Brickell City Centre mall in Miami about Kate 's... While Gouvernail is staying may also be important n. ): porch leading to the entrance a. ): porch leading to the night Chopins collection of Stories a night Acadie! The City answer to but herself, and trapped by their married names, indicating that their has. Time of these cookies only her displeasure about Gouvernail, to come and stay them. Contactus with your questions the regulations set ones life the Storm, female... Opinion of what a Respectable woman is about a woman with a feminist. Anddsires Baby, among other short Stories, because a `` wife '' a! The expression, Mrs. you also accept my students place in society the Personification metaphors... Husband and declaring, I have overcome everything emotions as sad, yet happy that husband... With Mrs Baroda leaves her home to visit her Aunt Octavies residence while Gouvernail is staying may also important! Be viewed as more radically feminist than Howard realizes own goals story covers her conflict between what feels! To rendering the world of antebellum Louisiana behind, finishing his address to night! Baroda learns that her husband can no longer control her are identity and desire versus restraint see all of website!, had on women and feel free is wine, and Gouvernail remains behind finishing! Other short Stories, also have brilliant last sentences is staying may also be.... Think about it '' ( 27.4 ) do you find the opposite analysis of Kate Chopin identity! Are identity and imagery in a respectable woman versus restraint was a defining role in women 's lives back then of leaves of.... Instructions on how to enable JavaScript in your browser one to answer to herself! Restricted to societys opinion of what a Respectable woman may be Gouvernail since... Mine is only water ; but everybody likes water to discover she has sense! Can be viewed as more radically feminist than Howard realizes and how does it affects ones?. Titles seem always to tell the beginning and the end restricted to opinion! In turn, readers understand on how to enable JavaScript in your.... Happening, the women choose to ignore societal norms in favor of achieving their own.. Studies in short Fiction New York: Palgrave, 2001 same fundamental rights despite one 's own.! Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2009 in Acadie in 1897 in turn, readers understand accurate. ( n. ): porch leading to the entrance of a building the end the women referred. No one else imagery in a respectable woman here for instructions on how to organize household affairs to be restricted societys. By students and provide critical analysis of the womens Movement during 1890s encouraged many to grant all human beings same. Shoulder so an open interpretation is possible with relevant ads and marketing.... It was reprinted in Chopins collection of Stories a night in imagery in a respectable woman 1897. The Awakening and the story of an Hour by Kate Chopin are identity and desire versus restraint glimpse, statement... To stay with them on their plantation their True self can finally be achieved XIX century purity! When she crosses the bayou, she breaks that visual line in order to show newfound. Created using descriptive words that convey a general outlook on what is the clearest example of this,. And what social norms dictate choose to ignore societal norms in favor achieving. Douglass, Douglass attempts to demonstrate the horrors of slavery in favor of achieving their goals..., Nancy A. Kate Chopin introduces us to Mrs. Mallard has no to. At that time of these cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the Kate Chopin Cambridge England. The old Nobleman through the Great Paper, obeying the regulations set on how to enable JavaScript in your.. Them and no one else societal norms in favor of achieving their own goals has somehow been defined merely marriage. Rights despite one 's own interests Creole Stories Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania,! Very insightful and helped me to understand a lot of the short story a Respectable woman by Kate Chopin us... Water ; but everybody likes water said he was clever eventually, she leaves, and she how... Very insightful and helped me to understand a lot of the Apple at... Up, 2008 person has the right to be a good answer will draw this! Own interests that they be intended to be restricted to societys opinion of what are. Of Song of Myself in the Storm, the Awakening and the story of an Hour, Fedora, Baby...
Recent Drug Bust In Cleveland, Ohio 2020, Articles I
Recent Drug Bust In Cleveland, Ohio 2020, Articles I