79 1237-1250. Fig-2 (Map of Kathmandu Valley showing intensity of damage occured in 1934 Earthquake. Geophysical Research Letters, 45, 26522658. Bilham R and Wallace K 2005 Future Mw > 8 earthquakes in the Himalaya: implications from the 26 Dec 2004 Mw = 9.0 earthquake on Indias eastern plate margin; Geol. Hough, S., & Bilham, R. (2008). With a magnitude of about 8.1 to 8.3, the event destroyed thousands of structures, along with the cities of Munger and Muzaffarpur. In a speech in Bihar Gandhi attributed the suffering, damage and the loss of life incurred in the earthquake to divine chastisement for India's failure to eradicate the concept of the caste of untouchables. Theres never any convenient time for any. [8] The town of Birgunj was destroyed, along with its telephone line to Kathmandu. Earthquakes of the Indian Subcontinent pp 159171Cite as, Part of the GeoPlanet: Earth and Planetary Sciences book series (GEPS). The epicenter was in the vicinity of the large Bihar-Nepal earthquakes of 1833 (magnitude 7.0-7.5) and 1934 (magnitude 8.4). Accounts of damage where shaking was most intense suggest a similar intensity distribution to that observed during the Bihar 1934 earthquake with the principal exception that the 1833 event caused widespread liquefaction. Singh D D and Gupta H K 1980 Source dynamics of two great earthquakes of the Indian subcontinent; the Bihar- Nepal earthquake of January 15, 1934 and the Quetta earthquake of May 30, 1935; Bull. The chowk hat of Monghyr town had a most gruesome spectacle and scarcely a building or wall was left standing. Nepals only international airport would be inaccessible. In the future, large earthquakes will again rupture along the Himalayan front. The 1934 Bihar earthquake is considered as one of the disastrous earthquakes in the history of the nation. the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in The official death toll was reported to be 8000 in Nepal and about 7000 in India, but the unofficial sources put the Indian figure near 25,000. Currently, the probability of a M>6 earthquake within the circular region can be read from the table as about 9.2% over the next year from now, June 13, 2013. 2022 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. Rajendran, C.P., Rajendran, K. (2022). It was the worst that ever occurred in that country. Gutenberg, B., & Richter, C. F. (1949). Nasu, N. (1935). The Historic Nepal - Bihar earthquake measuring M 8.4 in Richter scale struck on 15 Jan-1934, Monday at 2:24 PM (NST) is the greatest recorded ever earthquake in Nepal's History. This earthquake of 1834 and an earlier one in 1833 of similar size and in almost the same epicenter have released some of the strain caused by the ongoing collision of the Indian and the Eurasian plates. The Indian Department of Mines and Geology is collaborating with many scientists from all over the world to understand the causes and effects of these devastating earthquakes, and to help mitigate the ensuing destruction. The southern edge reached the frontal thrusts near 86 deg east (Sapkota et al 2011). . Overcoming the odds How Babur Arafat brought Pride to India. A glaring example of distortion was seen in the screw pile bridge at Champanagar where the central piles moved south, downstream, as much as 7 feet 8 inches but remained more or less vertical. Lack of a central zone in which the shaking was demonstrably stronger than elsewhere suggests that the waves did not originate within the plains of India. Brett,W.B. To his credit Mr. Salim has more than 400 published articles on history, politics, culture and literature in English and Hindi. These seven martyrs wrote history of freedom with their blood in Patna. In Nepal, Damage was mainly destructive in central Nepal, including Kathmandu valley & Eastern part of the country. Thus the inferred rupture geometry given the above numerous qualifications of uncertainty, are approximately as follows. The results indicated that there had been no marked increase either in the transfer of land or in borrowing money accepting among the improvident aboriginals of Monghyr and Bhagalpur districts. Seismic moments of major earthquakes and the average rate of slip in central Asia. The human casualty in Monghyr was very severe. . Observers have noticed that there were two stages in the Earthquake with a lull for a few seconds and that the damage was more caused in the second stage. In: P. J. Treloar, & M. P. Searle (Eds. It caused the widespread damage in Central and Eastern part of Nepal & in Northern India. *Amazon and the Amazon logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc., or its affiliates. IS 1893 Part 1 [1]) and only about 3 % of . Site Response of the Ganges Basin inferred from re-evaluated Macroseismic Observations from the M8.1 Shillong 1897, M7.8 Kangra 1905 and 1934 Nepal M8.1 earthquakes. [5] Extensive liquefaction of the ground took place over a length of 300km (called the slump belt) during the earthquake, in which many structures went afloat. Following are the effects of the earthquake: Ground shaking: Surface waves that are near the epicenter are responsible for the earthquake. The 1833 earthquake that arrived on August 26, 1833, was felt over a large part of northern India. (2016) Tectonic summaries of magnitude 7 and greater earthquakes from 2000 to 2015, USGS Open-File Report 2016-1192. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Except for the portions of Champaran and North Muzaffarpur, there was no severe flood in any of the Earthquake affected areas. [7], A 1935 work by Major General Brahma Shamsher documenting the event, Nepalko Maha Bhukampa 1990, stated that this was Nepal's most destructive earthquake in living memory, and praised the Nepalese Army for its work in relief efforts. Causes behind Misinterpretation in location of Epicenter. It should be noted that peak shaking occurred only after few minutes of initiation of shaking allowing sufficient time for evacuation at the mid-day; hence less casualties. Examines details of Gorkha earthquake, including geo-seismicity, damage statistics, casualties, effect on cultural heritage, gender-risk mechanics, case studies of social institutions,. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth, 115. Effects of Tapered Flange: (i) Bolted Connection: Bolt . The May 12, 2015, earthquake is located just beyond the eastern end of that rupture, with dimensions of about 40x20 km. In H. J. Couchman (Ed. 4. Yeats, R. S., & Thakur, V. C. (2008). and Geology at UC Davis and There was no reliable statistics of the loss to the property in money equivalent. It was then learnt that the area enclosed by the Ganges, the Gandak and the Kosi, in which lie the districts of Champaran, Muzaffarpur, Darbhanga and Bhagalpur had suffered most severely. Liquefaction record of the great 1934 earthquake predecessors from the north Bihar alluvial plains of India. Bilham, R. (1995). Survey of India, Calcuta (391 pp). The majority of deaths and injuries reported due to earthquake in Bihar have been not mainly due to the falling structure on people, but also due to panic, cardiac arrest and stampede. In: Earthquakes of the Indian Subcontinent. Darbhanga and Laheriasarai had similar damages and the buildings belonging to the Darbhanga Raj were very badly affected. Only four storeys were left) Image Courtesy : Nepal Ko Mahabhukampa by Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher. Everest. George Everest's specific requests to use the Nepal foothills for the survey were rejected by the Court of Directors of the East India Company necessitating an elaborate series of masonry towers, many of which were destroyed prior to, or during, the earthquake. Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, 119(9), 71237163. The flood may result due to damage caused to the dams. In G. J. Schenk (Ed. Wesnousky, S. G. (2020). Most of the destruction of structures built on unconsolidated sediment had been assumed due to amplification effect of such loose deposits. Faulting associated with large earthquakes and the average rate of deformation in Central and Eastern Asia. 1935 A report on the Bihar Earthquake and on the measures taken in consequence thereof up to the 31st December 1934. , Relief Commissioner, Bihar and Orissa. to Chitawan. The three major towns of the Kathmandu Valley in NepalKathmandu, Bhaktapur and Patanwere severely affected and almost all the buildings collapsed. 2 409-452. Another important result of the Earthquake was the creation of the Waterways Division in Bihar. Jorganesh Press. Shortly after the earthquake, Mahama Gandhi was said to have visited the area to observe the destruction and to bring comfort to the injured. The human casualty in Monghyr was very severe. Peculiarly enough in 1833 there was another big Earthquake causing havoc in North Bihar. Kumar, S., Wesnousky, S. G., Rockwell, T. K., Ragona, D., Thakur, V. C., & Seitz, G. G. (2001). The towns that had suffered very severely are Muzaffarpur, Sitamarhi, Motihari, Bettiah, Supaul, Madhepura, Lekhiasarai (Darbhanga), Pusa, Purea, Monger and Patna. ), Historical disaster experiences, transcultural researchHeidelberg studies on Asia and Europe in a global context (p. 241266). document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); At this moment, there are still a few COVID-19 variants, Have you ever considered that there were even more dangerous, Are Covid Vaccinations really THAT Safe? Glorious Sacrifices of Bihar during Quit India Movement 1942 : In Numbers. Rana, B. S. (2013). The impact was reported to be felt in Lhasa to Mumbai, and from Assam to Punjab. M8.7 Assam earthquake, 1905 M8.6 Kangra earthquake, 1934 M8.4 Bihar-Nepal earthquake and the 1950 M8.6 Assam-Tibet earthquake. Baffin Bay Earthquake Canada November 20, 1933, The COVID Variant You Might STILL Get in Some States, 4 Viral Threats Worse Than the New Coronavirus, COVID Aftermath: 2 DEVASTATING Side Effects of the Vaccine, 10 Foods That Can Have a Devastating Effect on You, 10 Contagious Diseases Worse Than COVID-19, 6 Deadly Bioweapons the US Has Faced in the Past, 11 Devastatingly Easy Ways To Lose Weight, 8 Common Things Devastated By Coronavirus. Ninety percent of water pipes and almost all telephone lines would be put out of service. Source dynamics of two great earthquakes of the Indian subcontinent; the Bihar-Nepal earthquake of January 15, 1934 and the Quetta earthquake of May 30, 1935. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4748-2_11, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4748-2_11, eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0). [12][13] In Bihar, Sri Babu (Shri Krishna Sinha) and the other great leader Anugrah Babu (Anugrah Narayan Sinha), threw themselves into relief work. Nature 136, 485486 (1935). The magnitude of the earthquake was 8.1. [11] Rabindranath Tagore took offence to the irrationality in his statement and accused Gandhi of superstition, even though he was totally in agreement with Gandhi on the issue of untouchability. It caused the widespread damage in Central and Eastern part of Nepal & in Northern India. Bihar is located in the high seismic zone that falls on the boundary of the tectonic plate joining the Himalayan tectonic plate near the Bihar-Nepal Border and has six sub-surface fault lines moving towards the Gangetic planes in four directions. In D. W. Simpson & P. G. Richards (Eds. There is evidence that even larger events have occurred in the past, and geodetic and seismic monitoring show that stress is accumulating now. Chen W-P and Molnar P 1977 Seismic moments of major earthquakes and the average rate of slip in Central Asia; Geophys. volume136,pages 485486 (1935)Cite this article. The lion at the head of the Asoka pillar at Lauriya in Champaran District had shifted on its axis in an anti-clockwise direction. Today's Earthquakes Today's Earthquakes; Big Quakes; Places LA and Southern California; Northern California; . Bomford, G. (1937). 6 85-98. On Monday the 15th January 1934 Calcutta experienced an earthquake shock of fair intensity which lasted for over three minutes. natural hazards. The problem of the permanent drainage of the area was sought to be tackled by this Division and they had the rich material of the work of the Survey of India who had run flying levels over the areas. The total casualties was about 10,000 people in the area and many thousands were injured by the falling debris. ", "Source dynamics of two great earthquakes of the Indian subcontinent: The Bihar-Nepal earthquake of January 15, 1934, and the Quetta earthquake of May 30, 1935", 1934 Mw 8.1 Bihar/Nepal earthquake 15 January 1934, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1934_NepalIndia_earthquake&oldid=1133023739, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 11 January 2023, at 22:58. Just after the avalanche, about 200 people were left stranded on the mountain as help couldn't reach them due to the risky condition of the mountain. Thus much of the damage in northern India was not due to high ground acceleration there but rather due to surface disruption of the earths surfacial layers. Pandey, M. R., & Molnar, P. (1988). The impact was reported to be felt in Lhasato Mumbai, and from Assamto Punjab. An eastward rupture would shift the eastern half of the rupture into Sikkim province, where shaking was lower than to the east and where coseismic deformation could have been detected (triangulation) but where none has been reported. 259277). excessive rain during the earthquakes cause damage to the bridges. Bilham R, Blume F, Bendick R and Gaur V K 1998 Geodetic constraints on the Translation and Deformation of India: implications for future great Himalayan earthquakes; Curr. Large paleoearthquake timing and displacement near Damak in eastern Nepal on the Himalayan frontal thrust. doi:10.1007/s00190- 006-0030-3. With the 7.8-magnitude earthquake hitting Turkey this Monday. The loss to livestock was enormous. First published on Sat 25 Apr 2015 16.53 EDT. The High Court and the Government House were damaged severely. Chen, W. P., & Molnar, P. (1977). A glaring example of distortion was seen in the screw pile bridge at Champanagar where the central piles moved south, downstream, as much as 7 feet 8 inches but remained more or less vertical. (2017b). 1988 A.D. / 2045 B.S. PubMedGoogle Scholar, D., C. The Bihar Earthquake of 1934. Part of Springer Nature. But after the extensive study on the damages in Nepal conducted by Nepali Officers too and based on the evidences compiled by Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher, later it was relocated within Nepal. At that time there are no proper medical facilities or any equipment to save the lifes of those people. In Sitamarhi, not a single house was left standing. Fire Risks Gas pipelines and electric infrastructure are both harmed by earthquakes. Bilham, R. (2019). The 7.9-magnitude earthquake that struck Nepal and neighbouring Indian states on Saturday, leaving a massive trail of death and devastation, jolted memories of the catastrophic 1934 tragedy, which had claimed several thousands of human lives on both sides of the Himalayas. Several factors combined to make Saturday's earthquake in Nepal such a devastating event. Earthquake Intensity of I-X was assigned to parts of the valley and I-IX at rest of the valley. ISSN 0028-0836 (print). ISSN 1476-4687 (online) Cur Sci, 83, 10191025. Image Courtesy : Nepal Ko Mahabhukampa by Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher. Journal of Nepal Geological Society, 5, 2244. Res. [5] Ground effects [ edit] A particular phenomenon of the earthquake was that sand and water vents appeared throughout the central vents of the earthquake area. The areas of greatest damage stretched from Kathmandu to Munger in the North-South direction, and from Purnea to Champaran in the East-West direction. Before pursuing his research and masters in modern Indian History from JNU, he was an electrical engineering student at AMU. L. Fermor. Saquib Salim is a well known historian under whose supervision various museums (Red Fort, National Library, IFFI, Jallianwala Bagh etc.) quake (1905), Bihar-Nepal earthquake (1934), and the Assam earthquake (1950) as well as several moderate earthquakes, e.g. Large himalayan frontal thrust paleoearthquake at Khayarmara in Eastern Nepal. News from the country was available only next morning, showing that Patna, Monghyr and Jamalpur had suffered severely. The 1934 Bihar earthquake created knee-deep mud on the agricultural field. An M6.7 earthquake on August 25, 2008 produced the first sudden decrease, followed by an M6.1 earthquake on September 21, 2009, with the third major event being the M6.9 event on September 18, 2011. Molnar, P., & Deng, Q. Uttarkashi Earthquake, 1991. . (5.2 MB PDF) Downloads. Bull. The High Court and the Government House were damaged severely. According to a report on the Bihar Earthquake and measures taken in consequence thereof up to 31 December, 1934, brought out by the then provincial Bihar government in 1935, public and residential building were practically razed in Munger, Darbhanga and Muzaffarpur districts. The number of deaths was Seismicity of earth and associated phenomenon (2nd ed.). 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. All the kutcha (ramshackle) buildings collapsed, while other pukka (solidly built) buildings suffered damage due to sinking and cracking of the ground.[5]. Duvall, M., Waldron, J. W. F., Godin, L., & Najman, Y. A magnitude M W 7.8 earthquake occurred on 25 April 2015, which is the first major earthquake in the Nepal Himalaya after the 1934 Nepal-Bihar earthquake (M W = 8.1) [7]. Disasters The buildings of Darbhanga Raj, including the famous Navlakha Palace, were severely damaged. 117, S2, 773-782. The source characteristics of Gorkha earthquake show that the maximum slip of 5 to 6 m was concentrated at a depth of 8 to 15 km, 70 km southeast of the epicenter [ [8] , [9 . Tilting and slumping of the houses were entirely absent. Status and action to be taken Status and action to be taken under Graded Response Action Plan in Delhi NCR: EPCA Press Conference, Order of the National Green Tribunal regarding blast at JSPL's Raigarh plant, 28/02/2023, Fist fights and clashes at public hearing for coal mine project of Jindal Steel, Indian states' electricity transition (SET), Why banning the fossil fuel industry from climate change negotiations may not be necessary, National Knowledge Commission Government of India, India Environment Portal by Centre for Science and Environment. Landslides and rock falls were triggered, destroying more than 4,600 dwellings and many temples, but apparently resulted in fewer than five hundred fatalities. Evidence for a great medieval earthquake (~1100 A.D.) in the central himalayas. 5. Himalayan tectonics: A modern synthesis. Some river beds had moved away from their direction and Captain L. E. Whitehead, Pilot Superintendent of I. G. Navigation Company stated that the water was 2 feet 6 inches deeper over 5 shoals between Colgong and Goalunda. In this year 1934-35 the local Government had instituted an enquiry into the indebtedness of the cultivators to ascertain if the situation had worsened. Liquefaction record of the great 1934 earthquake predecessors from the north Bihar alluvial plains of India. Pilots flyng over the meizoseismal area reported great changes in topography; this was largely due to enormous slides, some of which were photographed. This 8.0 magnitude earthquake occurred on 15 January 1934 at around 2:13pm IST (08:43 UTC) and caused widespread damage in northern Bihar and in Nepal. Rizza, M., Bollinger, L., Sapkota, S. N., Tapponnier, P., Klinger, Y., Karaka, ., et al. The great Indian Earthquake of January 15, 1934. The shock in a less intense form was felt in Bengal, Assam, United Provinces (Uttar Pradesh) and on the Peninsula as far as Bombay. Large cracks appeared in the ground and several roads were damaged in Kathmandu; however, the temple of Pashupatinath, the guardian deity of Nepal, escaped any damage. Everest. The ground around these sand fissures subsided, causing more damage. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 494, 216225. It is said that the epicentral region is close to this area and the North Bihar is a region of great under-load arising from very density in the crust and because of the low density of the alluvium of the Ganges Valley. Pandey M R and Molnar P 1988 The distribution of intensity of the Bihar-Nepal earthquake of 15 January 1934 and bounds on the extent of the rupture zone; J. Geol. Nature (London), 582583. Yeats R S, Nakata T, Faraj A, Fort M, Mirza M A, Pandey M R and Stein R S 1992 The Himalayan frontal fault system; Ann. The shock in a less intense form was felt in Bengal, Assam, United Provinces (Uttar Pradesh) and on the Peninsula as far as Bombay. The worst damage in Terai was observed in Siraha and Saptari Districts. Of interest is that the localized enhancement or suppression of shaking in this great earthquake provide a template for future microzonation. Geol. Most of the Government buildings in Laheriasarai town had collapsed. The BiharNepal Earthquake of 1934. 1934 AD: This is known as Great Nepal Bihar Earthquakes is the strongest earthquake of the 20 th century and this. The 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake had a magnitude of 8.1 and caused 12,000 deaths in Nepal and India combined. Wesnousky, S. G., Kumahara, Y., Nakata, T., Chamlagain, D., & Neupane, P. (2018). The quake was felt at far-off places such as Kanpur (440 km south-east from the For this reason the earthquake appears on many maps in the the wrong location (almost 200 km too far south).The reason for this was partly due to its misleading early instrumental location, partly due to the sedimentary basin amplification of seismic waves south of the epicenter, which resulted in massive damage near the Ganges, and partly due to the exclusion of foreigners from Nepal (1815 to 1950) which lead to much of the damage in Nepal in not being recognized. Superintendent, Government Printing, Bihar and Orissa, Patna, 1935. 3.3 BIHAR - NEPAL EARTHQUAKE OF 1934 This 8.4 magnitude earthquake occurred on January 15, 1934 at around 2:13 PM and caused wide-spread damage in the northern Bihar and in Nepal (GSI, 1939). January 1934 at Bihar, Nepal with a magnitude Mw of 8.1 and the same thrust faulting mechanism as the present event, it is likely that the rupture planes of both earthquakes may overlap. This innovation has lead to decrease the effect of earthquake on a building and is evaluated . The impact was reported to be felt in. (2020). The estimated economic loss due to this quake is placed at around Rs.22,000 Crores. Topographic map of india depicts the epicentral locations of three large earthquakes; 1803 Uttaranchal earthquake (Mw 7.5); 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake (Mw 8.1) and 2001 Bhuj earthquake (Mw 7.7), marked as filled stars and the locations of the affected areas considered for the study (marked as rectangles).Most of the study areas are located on the river banks as well as on the alluvial . 1934 Mw 8.1 Bihar/Nepal earthquake 15 January 1934, Wu F, Sheehan A, Huang G C and Monsalve G 2003 Source mechanisms, seismicity, and velocity structures in the Himalayan region; Indo-US Workshop on Seismicity and Geodynamics 49 Hyderabad, Journal of Earth System Science. [4] The areas where the most damage to life and property occurred extended from Purnea in the east to Champaran in the west (a distance of nearly 320km or 200mi), and from Kathmandu in the north to Munger in the south (a distance of nearly 465km or 289mi). Using the above reasoning we constrain the 1934 western edge of the Nepal rupture to 85.5 +/- 0.2 degrees East and its western edge to 87.0 +/- 0.2 degE a distance of about 160 km with the caveat that its location may be in error by more than 25 km to the east or west. Bettinelli P, Avouac J-P, Flouzat M, Jouanne F, Bollinger L, Willis P and Chitrakar G R 2006 Plate motion of India and interseismic strain in the Nepal Himalaya from GPS and DORIS measurements; J. Geod. A.. A brick arch bridge between the civil lines and the old town was also fractured. Sometime between fifty-five and forty million years ago, the Indian Plate collided with Eurasia near what is now the Indus River Valley. The 1999 earthquake helped bring Erdogan to power. The chowk hat of Monghyr town had a most gruesome spectacle and scarcely a building or wall was left standing. Nepal Ko Maha Bhukampa (The Great Earthquake of Nepal) (pp. This mountainous region is one of the most seismically active continental areas on earth. The paper emphases the importance of seismic consideration, methodical analysis . Auden) from the Geological Survey of India visited Kathmandu, which had been severely shaken. The towns to the south of the river Ganges like Patna, Bhagalpur, and Gaya escaped with lighter damages. Google Scholar. (1939) and by Major General Brahma Ambraseys, N., & Douglas, J. J. The above estimation of epicentre is based on teleseismic observations. This study focusses on the performance of structures during earthquake and aftermath, causes and possible preventive measures by reviewing four case studies related to the same. B. Rana (1935) indicates that severe shaking occurred in eastern Nepal. Burrard S 1934 Ground levels in Bihar in relation to the earthquake of January 15, 1934; Nature(London) 133 582-583. The 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake had a magnitude of 8.1 and caused 12,000 deaths in Nepal and India combined. Seismol. In the light of the increased population today, compared with 1934, the death toll would likely be 22,000 and the number of injured 25,000. Inst., 13, 417-432; 1935), who spent seven weeks during the following summer in the central district. Leveling in Bengal and Bihar, 9397. Did Trump Ruin America for Good? Sapkota, S.; Tapponnier, P.; Bollinger, L.; Klinger, Y.; Gaudemer, Y.; Tiwari, D. R.; Siwakoti, I.; Rizza, M.Surface Rupture of the Mw 8.1, 1934, Bihar Nepal Earthquake AGU abstract 2011. 2015 Nepal Earthquake Ahsan Jadoon Department of E&ES Bahria University 2. Avalanches onMount Everest This earthquake caused manyavalanches on Mount Everest. (1984). Ambraseys N 2000 Reappraisal of north-Indian earthquakes at the turn of the 20th Century; Curr. Its unpredictable nature can cause multiple hazards such as ground motion, ground shaking, site effects, ground displacement, fire, . The 1934 NepalIndia earthquake or 1934 BiharNepal earthquake was one of the worst earthquakes in India's history. Post earthquake aggradation processes to hide surface ruptures in thrust systems: The M8.3, 1934, Bihar-Nepal earthquake ruptures at Charnath Khola (Eastern Nepal). De Graff-Hunter J 1934 The Indian earthquake (1934); Nature(London) 133 236-237. The towns to the south of the river Ganges like Patna, Bhagalpur, and Gaya escaped with lighter damages.
Who Is Holly Warlick Married To, Is Rich Strike A Gelding Or Stallion, Holcombe Brothers Funeral Home Obituaries, Articles E