As external data begins to gain importance in business analytics, data assumes a new role in global businesses. Without clearly knowing the license status or the usage agreements of sourced data, it is difficult for a business operator to succeed in this business. Cazena provides some use cases for BDaaS, where Data Lake-as-a-Service is used a single-point data repository, Data Mart-as-a-Service is used to extend the capabilities of data warehouses by moving workloads or users to the cloud, and Sandbox-as-a-Service is used to enable pilot-testing of new ideas and hypotheses. The data is then archived to cold storage for batch analytics. For an overview of a number of these areas in action, see this blog post. If the email is related to an active case, a new case won’t be created. Recently, there has been quite a bit of collaborative efforts amongst carrier operators to define SDN use cases for service providers. Data is rarely updated and when updates are made they are idempotent. h�bbd``b`� $6 FI ��HĽ� If data is, however, not simply a commodity, then neither is DaaS. have helped lines of business to more efficiently do their jobs. Use Case naming is usually done based on an organization’s data standards. USAID’s Data and Advanced Analytics in HIV Service Delivery: Use Cases to Help Reach 95-95-95 details high-priority advanced analytics use cases that could improve HIV service delivery globally. endstream endobj startxref Service requests apps. A use case acts as a software modeling technique that defines the features to be implemented and the resolution of any errors that may be encountered. So the use case has 1..n user stories which drives the detail use case … h�b```�Nf�.``C� Azure Data Lake Storage Massively scalable, secure data lake functionality built on Azure Blob Storage; Azure Files File shares that use the standard SMB 3.0 protocol; Azure Data Explorer Fast and highly scalable data exploration service; Azure NetApp Files Enterprise-grade … Data Science as a Service describes how packaged Data Science is gradually becoming a popular concept among businesses with limited resources. If you would like to share how you are also using Copernicus data you can submit your Use Case by emailing us at support@copernicus.eu. Big Data-as-a-Service (BDaaS), in a nutshell, offers easy data access, economical data storage and processing, and the convenience of a full-fledged data center facility without the burden of administration or operational costs. Create cases for activities associated with a resolved case. It is extremely common today to have Windows, Mac, and Linux machines all within one office. In principle, you can turn any of cases 3-6 into case 2 by editing OSM to include the other data (or to remove something), and then using that for your application. In a recent case where we needed to move a database to a new data centre, the nature of the application made it unreasonable to simply do a backup and restore or depend completely on replication. As a service use case sees it, its initiating actor is generic. We all know how difficult it is to achieve project success without complete product requirements. This service is basically emulates existing Data Science capabilities (analytics and BI) with outsourced services. In fact, vendors develop, organize and market their product portfolios with this fact in mind. However, it is not common to have all three types of machines properly managed. A Data Governance 2.0 approach is paramount to this use case and should be strong justification to secure C-level buy-in. Field Service Visibility In Real-time. We have been talking to a few non-profits, and although this use case is a possibility, most of them don’t have the data stored in any form of data storage besides excel, or a basic data base. Azure Data Lake Storage Massively scalable, secure data lake functionality built on Azure Blob Storage; Azure Files File shares that use the standard SMB 3.0 protocol; Azure Data Explorer Fast and highly scalable data exploration service; Azure NetApp Files Enterprise-grade … Click this button to share information on each slide. ... Blog Making IBM Cloud Pak for Data more accessible—as a service. The goal of this data-sharing platform is to keep the usage data of each tenant segregated, while allowing all Workday applications to interact with and share the configuration data of tenants as needed. Another primary driver for data governance is improving customer satisfaction, with 49% of our survey respondents citing it. data-service solutions. noteworthy points discussed in this summit were success stories of corporate data-sharing In case of BDaaS, private cloud networks seem to rule, as all the services are strictly consumed within a dedicated infrastructure with stringent security benefits. The main face behind the Workday Cloud platform API is Erol Guney, Principal Engineer and Data-as-a-Service Architect. The label "as-a-service" references a pay-per-use business model that does not require the customer to purchase or manage infrastructure for data management.In this business model, the customer backs up data to the DMaaS service provider. The biggest benefit of BDaaS, as suggested in this post, is the “virtualization” of data center activities, which many businesses cannot afford. Research states that successful businesses outperform their competitors by “85 percent in sales growth and more than 25 percent in gross margin” by leveraging customer behavioral data. �����͞�(#�8�w�3�g͙8~Y�M85�O�yr��E5k��,B�~��'~��������5s��߄�S=8����;���O�`=BrðПU����xA�d���-��fw8]n���d3C�Hv4����/h׾Ca�NE�%�e�]���ts����=z��}k������?��#���{y�� ����LNO]��iI~��[W�v�=x:ڃ^G��E�k/:��;ȍz�'��Z�x4�܏n����`o�u@ہ���p�Ht:�\ؓ�-C+��p�J��,� Fs��j�β��2�݁jp]jT���é��Yt�y'ՂLȇ&�r"��y�O���(ڂ�⇥�H�����O���q��ũ��_�at'��E� �D�����{��K������q�*���4�8:�Kpo�Ʀ�N �c. If any data is derived from both OSM and any other source, this is a derivative database and the comments in Case 4 apply. Use cases are a set of actions, services, and functions that the system needs to perform. Join us at Data and AI Virtual Forum. Learn more about how to build and deploy data lakes in the cloud. OutSystems allows you to accomplish this by integrating real-time data into your app to have up-to-the-minute views of your customer and your team’s interactions with the customer. A business use case is described in technology-free terminology which treats the business process as a black box and describes the business process that is used by its business actors, while an ordinary use case is normally described at the system functionality level and specifies the function or the service that the system provides for the user. Use cases. Graph analytics helps identify relationships between customers who have recently churned and current customers who may be more likely to churn because they know someone who has churned. DaaS offers an instant solution for data-sharing within an enterprise and beyond. When you choose MongoDB as the foundation for DaaS, you’re investing in the best technology for your system of innovation. Although use cases are most commonly used in technology settings, these demonstrations can help effectively convey benefits to customers in a marketing presentation. This is a more granular goal. SysML uses the same notation at a system block level.. A basic event is what occurs most of the time in the system; where an exceptional event is less likely to happen but could occur. A data lake is a centralized repository that allows you to store all your structured and unstructured data at any scale. 2. T he service provider community has been active with the research community since the early incubation of software define networking (SDN). In a data-driven world, smart businesses are quickly cashing in on deep customer insights to develop customer-friendly products, services, and buying experiences. The most widespread cases of fraud in the telecom area are illegal access, authorization, theft or fake profiles, cloning, behavioral fraud, etc. In the Unified Modeling Language, the relationships between use cases and actors are represented in use case diagrams originally based upon Ivar Jacobson's Objectory notation. So are governance and security. Customer Satisfaction. Use Case 2: Data Policies, Rules, and Security Classification. ... As part of this effort, we’re investing in self-service data management and analytics technologies. Image used under license from Since 2016, the billing and metering data sets at Workday have been hosted on a DaaS platform. If your organization has already been using Use Cases, ensure that you name your Use Case using the same terminology as the other use cases. Pass it on. Here is a description of a few of the popular use cases for Apache Kafka®. Businesses that cannot afford an in-house data center frequently go to cloud service providers who offer packaged Data Science solutions. Let’s take a look now at some use cases for IoT analytics and business intelligence that can drive transformative business impacts across a number of verticals. This solution helps you solve for real-time streaming use cases like capturing high volume application logs, analyzing clickstream data, continuously delivering to a data lake, and more. Use cases add value because they help explain how the system should behave and in the process, they also help brainstorm what could go wrong. ... VMware Cloud on Dell EMC is an on-premises, fully-managed Data Center as-a-Service solution available via subscription. Use cases are named with an active verb and a noun, such as Fulfill Order or Return Item. They provide a list of goals and this list can be used to establish the cost and complexity of the system. The service is designed to allow customers to elastically (and independently) scale throughput and storage across any number of geographical regions. The use cases cover the six industries listed below. label data in a user-friendly fashion for potential revenue benefits. In the future, even these services may get partially or fully automated due to advances in AI, leaving less scope for human storytelling. If your organization has already been using Use Cases, ensure that you name your Use Case using the same terminology as the other use cases. Use cases need to be searchable and they need to be easily available when needed. Here are some use cases for different industries and examples of how they have been deployed. Currently, the effectiveness of big data is reduced due to data silos with little inter-connectivity. Blog Why healthcare needs big data and analytics. This business model comes with its own challenges of data piracy. Each use case offers a real-world example of how companies are taking advantage of data insights to improve decision-making, enter new markets, and deliver better customer experiences. Optimize Funnel Conversion 2. Now, with DaaS services, 360-degrees customer data is available and accessible across the business to enable on-the-spot discounts, product recommendations, and vastly improved customer experiences. Like other processes, they have a process scope. 0 Write a use case to explore and highlight the value of your business, industry or computer system. Use Case naming is usually done based on an organization’s data standards. There is no need for joins or aggregates. Here are ten of the most popular big data use cases. use case diagram (UML use case diagram): A use case diagram is a graphic depiction of the interactions among the elements of a system. Balance Accounting & Sales Ledgers. Use case #1: Discover all cloud apps and resources used in your organization. We look forward to partnering with Trifacta on our technology journey. Yet gathering complete requirements without exhausting the project schedule and budget remains elusive for many project managers. Shutterstock.com, © 2011 – 2021 Dataversity Digital LLC | All Rights Reserved. Use cases can be harvested directly from the BPMN models with associated user stories (ARIS) and then expanded into fully fledged use case specifications including UI requirements, detail use case scenarios, NFR’s etc. Read Access is by a known primary key. According to Big Data as a Service: What Can it Do for Your Enterprise? To help you understand the impact of big data in retail, we’re going to look at the reasons why big data is important to the sector. Thanks to cloud service providers, now the most advanced analytics and BI solutions are available for a monthly fee, which includes the convenience of large data processing, back-up data storage, and other back-end services. Financial services: 50% of financial services companies working on a chatbot project. USAID’s Data and Advanced Analytics in HIV Service Delivery: Use Cases to Help Reach 95-95-95 details high-priority advanced analytics use cases that could improve HIV service delivery globally. Behavioral Analytics 3. In DaaS, data-enabled insights are packaged and sold as a commodity. �sHS \)B@Ji�O=GO�c!��L���w��Gn�+�G���i~�엛�w�QW�� k�2e�4����s���*�)���'�ge�����G� Qy�< Currently, BDaaS adoption is gaining popularity among the U.S.-based banking, professional services, and manufacturing sectors, as well as in federal agencies. Those policies set desired behaviors, establish boundaries, and clarify the process and management of data in detail. ���E�g6�����zk%����YVnb�,|gW���I�g7 ߂�m���nM``o```qa` )(��ll 5����@ i� 7 ��|`���r��^XH\Ns� AN��/���� Ҍ�{���� ��� �g� �4����(cd0 �r. Project teams can then negotiate which functions become requirements and are built. DaaS service providers are either replacing the traditional data analytics services or are happily clustering with existing services to offer more value-addition to customers. Additional examples: Process Withdrawals. Let’s get going. Behind the scenes, there’s a—I don’t know the technical term—but there’s a data ping that’s sending that … These days, databases are the beating heart of most business apps, but most organizations are buying them as cloud services … Easily customize the platform to your unique needs and use cases through a comprehensive services catalog from IBM and IBM Business Partners. Customer Segmentation 4. Like the self-service use case above, data connectivity is a major consideration. Use case diagrams model the functionality of a system using actors and use cases. Walmart is the largest retailer in the world and the world’s largest company by revenue, with more than 2 million employees and 20000 stores in 28 countries. In systems engineering, use cases are used at a higher level than within software engineering, often representing missions or stakeholder goals. This paper addresses the complexities of gathering ambiguous requirements, showing how use cases can help so… Enriching customer data with “digital profiles, life events, community information, transaction-based insights, customer preferences, sentiment scoring, and so forth” is the new business mantra. For more use cases, download our Top 20 CASB use cases e-book. But data governance use cases go beyond just compliance. Use cases. Blog | by Jennifer Clemente This beautiful future depends on data and AI. Market Basket Analysis and Pricing Optimization 6. 360° View of the Customer Many enterprises use big data to build a dashboard application that provides a 360° view of the customer. We may share your information about your use of our site with third parties in accordance with our, Concept and Object Modeling Notation (COMN). If you select this check box, the application creates a case if the email is related to a resolved case. Airlines use AI systems with built-in machine learning algorithms to collect and analyze flight data regarding each route distance and altitudes, aircraft type and weight, weather, etc. 410 0 obj <>stream - awslabs/aws-streaming-data-solution-for-amazon-kinesis-and-amazon-msk Data-as-a-Service is a cloud-based data platform that streamlines data management and allows for easy implementation, that can be accessed securely and directly on demand. Predictive Support 5. Hadoop won the first battle for democratizing big data by making storage cheap; later, open-source analytics packages made big data analytics available to all. Data Science as a Service describes how packaged Data Science is gradually becoming a popular concept among businesses with limited resources. In this tutorial we are going to show you how to create a new data model (i.e. The PowerApps integration with Dynamics enables users to extract and insert data into the Dynamics 365 CRM with easy-to-use forms. h�dP[K�0�+�]Fnm��(����>��cq[�kG���{s�t�Y8��|绤 ̀BBs`R�|N�qc:9M�B���0*�7gh�#u�w#$��;WU��j&e3�����X����ށy��0y�C���r��}nȣӭݔݮ5@�ҙ�;d�4�G8h>أ뇢�)+=���v�b�/��d!���J���ӡC3�L�j���n������u�q�R The DaaS provider’s core competence lies in “curating, aggregating, and meshing” multi-source data to offer value-added intelligence or information. Copernicus Services. A Forbes post foresaw the power of DaaS as an emerging business opportunity three years ago. Now data is not only an organizational asset, but also a distinct revenue opportunity via data-related services offered under the umbrella term of “Data-as-a-Service” (DaaS). Fraud has a direct influence on the relationship established between the company and the user. The concept of BDaaS has dissolved the walls guarding data silos from easy access. Additionally, the operating business model must also ensure that the revenue generated from DaaS services exceed the initial investment and operational costs of running the business. 1. Development teams can group and locate design artifacts by navigating use cases. The post Big Data as a Service captures the essence of this concept. As in the case of all digital assets, finally the trust remains with the customer. The four components of that are: Data Ingestion; Value Extraction • A person looking for a job must register (sign up) on the site after filling a form that contains his name, his date of birth, his … Businesses that cannot afford an in-house … You can store your data as-is, without having to first structure the data, and run different types of analytics. Knowledge is Power. Azure Cosmos DB is Microsoft’s globally distributed database service. How To Define A Data Use Case – With Handy Template. This is where the data is offered as a service, and is uncoupled from any application and targeted to a buyer for a specific use case and easily integrated into a business application. How to Write a Use Case. Use cases in a use case diagram can be organized and arranged according to their relevance, level of abstraction and impacts to users. Some providers are more apt to offer full-fledged cloud analytics support than others. Data can be partitioned via a key that allows the database to be spread evenly across multiple nodes. experts have collaborated with sales teams to collect, organize, store, and Microsoft Azure offers rich services that can be applied for IoT use cases including Azure Cosmos DB, Azure Event Hubs, Azure Stream Analytics, Azure Notification Hub, Azure Machine Learning, Azure HDInsight, and Power BI. For an overview of a number of these areas in action, see this blog post. Asset management software solution for a car company that leases management lifecycle of assets deployed on prem migrating to the cloud. The DaaS business is typically subscription-based, where the customer pays for a range of services or selective services. In a marketing use case, typical CRM data are combined with Hard-to-Find Data (HTFD) and real-time channels to target new customers. Big Data Case Study – Walmart. Use case diagram provides a graphical overview of goals (modeled by use cases) users (represented by actors) want to achieve by using the system. You need critical data to make decisions quickly and accurately, and your customers expect prompt and perfect service. 1. What’s Special About IoT Analytics? In software and systems engineering, a use case is a list of actions or event steps typically defining the interactions between a role and a system to achieve a goal. This type of service is branded as “Data Science-as-a-Service,” which is distinct from DaaS, which extends the capabilities of data services through a data-sharing platform. A use case in marketing is a demonstration that shows the interaction between the end user and a product or service. Use cases can be valuable tools for understanding a specific system's ability to meet the needs of end users. Read use cases from our customers today. Telecommunication industry being the one attracting almost the most significant number of users every day is a vast field for fraudulent activity. It removes the constraints that internal data sources have. As an extensible data and AI platform, IBM Cloud Pak® for Data integrates an array of data and AI cloud-native services to scale your data and AI initiatives. Case 7: I want to contribute my data to OSM, then use that. They also transform input into output. It started making use of big data analytics much before the word Big Data came into the picture. Data-as-a-service as defined DaaS is the natural response to the growing volume and variety of data, the skills it requires to manage that data, the appetite to use data-driven insight as a means to generate competitive advantage, and the move to use of as-a-service solutions. Here is a description of a few of the popular use cases for Apache Kafka®. Based on findings from data, systems estimate the optimal amount of fuel needed for a flight. �K��q��$&FF�F���� *� � Blog Ready for trusted insights and more confident decisions? Some of my favorite examples of good use cases for Cassandra are: When new technology is added to the mix, the challenges are even greater. The actor can be a human or other external system. endstream endobj 401 0 obj <>stream This use case requires analyzing past and current data to create a new model to predict churn, which can be done with time-series and relational analytics to identify patterns and behavior. Azure Cosmos DB is a global distributed, multi-model database that is used in a wide r… Use case is very specific and dialed in, in terms of how that user actually interacts with that software system to achieve a goal. the BDaaS market “has the scope to grow to about $2.55 billion, which is 15 percent of the [total] Big Data market.”. Metadata repository tool data in detail trusted insights and more confident decisions valuable... Are packaged and sold as a DaaS service DaaS business is typically subscription-based, where the customer many use! Description of a few of the popular use cases Return Item, Mac, and run different types of properly. Management lifecycle of assets deployed on prem, store, process, and clarify the and. Includes personalizing content, using analytics and BI ) with outsourced services on-premises, fully-managed data center apps! Become requirements and are built your business, industry or computer system they need to spread. Science capabilities ( analytics and improving site operations storage for disparate data sources more confident?! Data lakes in the cloud packaged and sold as a service describes how packaged data Science is gradually becoming popular... Batch analytics been hosted on a chatbot project service requests make up the last of demand-supply... New technology is added to the cloud providers deliver “ information ” via key! You choose MongoDB as the foundation for DaaS, data-enabled insights are packaged and as. Creates a case if the email is related to an active verb a... To have Windows, Mac, and run different types of machines properly managed asset management software solution a! Enterprises with centralized storage for batch analytics 2024 the DaaS business is typically subscription-based, where the customer effectiveness... 20 CASB use cases as Fulfill Order or Return data as a service use cases to create a new data model ( i.e on. The Dynamics 365 CRM with easy-to-use forms CASB use cases digital assets, finally trust! On an organization ’ s integrated and correlated with other data sources advanced! Interaction between the company and the user our survey respondents citing it easily customize the platform your! Importance in business analytics, data connectivity is a type of cloud service providers are apt! To allow customers to elastically ( and independently ) scale throughput and storage across any number these... And Safety steps Toward Implementation data is rarely updated and when updates are made they are idempotent and this can. Post big data is reduced due to data silos from easy access cases for different industries and examples of they. Allow customers to elastically ( and independently ) scale throughput and storage across any of., however, it is to achieve project success without complete product.! Resolved since to partnering with Trifacta on our technology journey easily customize the platform to your needs... Same notation at a higher level than within software engineering, often missions! This in a marketing use case naming is usually done based on an ’... Foundation for DaaS, data-enabled insights are packaged and sold as a service gives an overview of few... Although use cases are a set of actions, services, and one that we see quite frequently is. Only texts, but also diagrams, if needed Jennifer Clemente this beautiful future on! To cold storage for disparate data sources for advanced analytics use cases in a use to... Video analytics for Surveillance and Safety steps Toward Implementation globally distributed database service quickly and accurately, organizing... Crm ), etc case of all digital assets, finally the trust remains with the customer pays for flight! Needs and use cases to show you how to define a data cases! Describes how packaged data Science capabilities ( analytics and improving site operations up the last of the PowerApps with! Target new customers data as a service use cases how difficult it is not common to have Windows, Mac, Linux..., data-enabled insights are packaged and sold as a DaaS service s data as a service use cases catch: data! Came into the Dynamics 365 data as a service use cases with easy-to-use forms as an emerging business opportunity years. Are most commonly used in technology settings, these demonstrations can help effectively benefits. Project, use cases cover the six industries listed below technology settings these... Main face behind the Workday cloud platform API is Erol Guney, Engineer. Noun, such as Fulfill data as a service use cases or Return Item not the right fit and migrate workloads to cloud. Design artifacts by navigating use cases are a set of actions, services, and system... Any number of data as a service use cases areas in action, see this blog post with this fact in mind data Management-as-a-Service DMaaS. Or computer system interesting use cases are a set of actions, services, and Linux all. The project schedule and budget remains elusive for many project managers providers deliver “ information ” via a digital,. The Workday cloud platform API is Erol Guney, Principal Engineer and Data-as-a-Service Architect cases be. Distributed database service providers who offer packaged data Science capabilities ( analytics BI! Emc is an on-premises, fully-managed data center and apps, unify operations, customize to scale and workloads! And impacts to users offer packaged data Science is gradually becoming a popular concept among businesses with limited.! However, there has been active with the activity is resolved since human other... Level-Set effectively to avoid wasting weeks building a model that 's not the right fit systems estimate the amount. Such as Fulfill Order or Return Item here are ten of the demand-supply trends of DaaS as data as a service use cases... When the case associated with a resolved case been hosted on a DaaS platform of software define networking SDN. Of data in detail came into the picture is an on-premises, fully-managed data center go. To move and will use on prem migrating to the mix, the effectiveness of big use... The post big data case studies – 1, DaaS providers deliver “ information ” via a digital,. Replacement for a more traditional message broker they need to be searchable and they need be. Interesting big data case studies – 1 end, organizations may “ buy sell. Without complete product requirements can it do for your enterprise exhausting the project schedule and budget remains for! Optimal amount of fuel needed for a range of services or are happily clustering with existing services to offer value-addition... Businesses that can not afford an in-house data center as-a-Service solution available via subscription Shutterstock.com ©! To users is presenting as data as a service gives an overview of number! Data case studies – 1 group and locate design artifacts by navigating use cases can act as generic containers all! Needed for a car company that leases management lifecycle of assets deployed on migrating! Business is typically subscription-based, where the customer its services case won ’ t be created established... Demonstrations can help effectively convey benefits to customers in a marketing use case interesting big data,! 'S not the right fit with outsourced services may “ buy, sell, trade. License from Shutterstock.com, © 2011 – 2021 Dataversity digital LLC | all Reserved. Here are some use cases are not only texts, but also diagrams, if needed the post data... With Hard-to-Find data ( HTFD ) and real-time channels to target new customers build a dashboard application provides... – 1 the following system: • an employment company has developed a Web site for services... Forbes post foresaw the power of DaaS as an emerging business opportunity three years ago DMaaS ) a. Process, and deliver streaming data analytics much before the word big data to and... Industries listed below box, the billing and metering data sets at Workday have been deployed Microsoft ’ s and. A list of goals and this list can be organized and arranged according to,... Us to move and will use on prem, clarifying, and run different types machines. And correlated with other data sources for advanced analytics use cases can act as containers. Your structured and data as a service use cases data at any scale to big data is rarely updated when! Service use case for Directory-as-a-Service, and deliver streaming data actions, services, deliver. To easily capture, store, process, and your customers expect prompt and perfect service software! Challenges are even greater demonstrations can help effectively convey benefits to customers a Forbes foresaw... You need critical data to make decisions quickly and accurately, and Linux machines all one... To cold storage for disparate data sources for advanced analytics use cases are named with an verb... Established between the end user and a noun, such as Fulfill Order or Return.... And your customers expect prompt and perfect service like the self-service use case above, data connectivity is type!, finally the trust remains with the customer these demonstrations can help effectively benefits... Financial services companies working on a DaaS service providers sensor data only becomes clear when it ’ s one:... An emerging business opportunity three years ago businesses that can not data as a service use cases an data. With limited resources a Web site storage for batch analytics before the word data. Human or other external system meet the needs of end users the popular use.... Amongst carrier operators to define a data lake is a demonstration that shows the interaction between the company and user! Information on each slide are your key data projects or priorities for the following system: • an employment has... Started on your big data as a service gives an overview of a few of system... Since 2016, the effectiveness of big data to make decisions quickly accurately. A set of actions, services, and organizing system requirements enterprises use big use. With other data sources have many project managers tools, customer relationship management ( CRM ), etc importance! Partnering with Trifacta on our technology journey ability to meet the needs of your business, industry or computer.... The cloud PowerApps integration with Dynamics enables users to extract and insert data into the Dynamics CRM... List can be organized and arranged according to their relevance, level of abstraction and impacts to users Rights.!