Just as in other societies, today's Egyptians have strong family values and much faith in religion. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Through this pastoral mission, the little Egyptians of the Delta or Valley learn the harsh realities of rural life. The Egyptians appear to have reversed the ordinary practices of mankind. Long sleeves are also common - it is rare to see women wear sleeves that do not reach at least to the elbow. According to the Egyptian Human Development Report 1997-98, life expectancy at birth in Egypt was 66.7 years, up from 55 in 1976. 12) A street vendor selling Ta'miyya, a popular Egyptian fast food. Guests who are not relatives are generally not permitted back into the rest of the house. Throughout Egypt, the family remains the most important link in the social chain. 11) ... although many Egyptians prefer to buy from small vendors like this, because they have a personal relationship with him and can trust the quality of the food he sells. Only the wealthy can afford to live in free-standing houses because space is difficult to find. 6) Islamic dress, like that worn by these schoolgirls in Cairo, has become more popular in recent years. 5) An Egyptian father with his child. It is usually the practice if buying a soft drink from a vendor that the drink must be finished on the spot, and the bottle returned to the vendor, rather than taking it away. The funeral is held in the mosque, where special prayers, called the janazah, are said. However, such films are often edited to remove offensive material. Many are based around traditional folk tales, lessons from the Qur'an, etc. In the early morning and the late afternoon, the fellahin can be seen in large numbers on the roads, going to or coming from the fields with their farm animals. Family was important in ancient Egypt, and family life began early for the ancient Egyptians. In the 1950s and 1960s, it was common for many Egyptian women - particularly in Cairo, to appear in public unveiled, in western clothes. A typical family structure in Ancient Egypt is actually rather similar to what you would find in our modern Egypt. Older, the kid will lose his fine freedom to run through the alleys of the village or behind the reed hedges. There are many different kinds of restaurants in Cairo, just as there are anywhere else in the world. This reminds Egyptians of God's presence and influence over all matters, and also that God has the power to alter anything thing at any time, so nothing should be taken for granted. There, where the control of the state is weakest, the vendetta is still a pervasive threat to civil order. Two types of bread predominate: a whole-grain flatbread known as ʿaysh baladī (“native bread”), and a variety from refined flour known as ʿaysh shāmī (“Syrian bread”). She was famous for her love for the Roman Marcus Antonius (Mark Antony). Many of them, like this woman in a factory in Cairo, are in supervisory positions. Unlike in the West, children usually live with their parents until they get married, even through college. 3 Men of the fellahin group wear baggy white trousers under blue or white full-length robes called galibiyeh (pronounced gah-lee-bee-yeh). Soft drinks are generally not served in cans, but rather in glass bottles. Traditionally, upon divorce, the father is granted custody of any children, and any dowry paid by the groom to the bride's family must be returned. An Egyptian agricultural worker (fellah) wearing a traditional djellaba (. Men and women usually live at home with their parents until they get married. Marriages in Egypt are somewhat different than in the West. Religious holidays include the two ʿīds (Eid al-Adha and Eid al-Fitr), the Prophet’s birthday (mawlid), and Coptic Christmas (January 7). The majority of restaurants serve Egyptian and Middle Eastern cuisine, and range from expensive restaurants that serve multi-course meals to vendors who serve prepared food on the street. Women attend markets and are employed in trade, while men stay at home and do the weaving! The marriage itself may be very simple, consisting only of the imam from the mosque presiding over the marriage contract between the groom and the bride's father, who speaks on behalf of his daughter. Like many other societies in the Mediterranean region, lunch is the main meal of the day, eaten at about two or three o'clock in the afternoon. Many Egyptians also believe in the power of the Evil Eye, for demons - djinn - are mentioned in the Qur'an. Some were hired in the temples and courts as dancers, musicians and singers. Egypt - Egypt - Housing: Egypt has faced a serious urban housing shortage since World War II. Either at the instigation of the couple, or at their own initiative, the two families meet to discuss the terms of the marriage. Men and women both tended to marry young, and most marriages were polygamouswith the husband having several wives. Today, women serve in all levels of Egyptian society - as doctors, lawyers, scientists, civil servants, and small business owners. Egypt also receives movies from overseas. In Egypt, the main meal is lunch, not dinner. Most Egyptians eat with their hands, using small pieces of bread to scoop up their food. 7 Full PDFs related to this paper. Certain foods are associated with holidays, especially Ramadan, Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha. The traditional garment for Egyptian men is called a galabiyya, and it is a long cotton robe, usually white or pale blue, that comes down to the ankles. At present, most Egyptian middle and upper class families have their own radio and television, but the coffeehouses remain popular. Some Egyptians even place a sugar cube between their teeth when they drink it. Another common dish is fuul mudammas, or roasted fava beans that are served much like black beans or pinto beans are served with Mexican dishes, in a soup-like broth and eaten with bread. The father is the head of the household, and he is responsible for providing for the family's needs. The pipe is filled with tobacco that is flavored with honey, apples, mint, or other sweet flavors. Today, most Cairenes live in Western style apartment buildings. This has been the result of the need for families to bring in more money in order to live, as well as the increase in women's education. Although much attention is focused on what women wear in Middle Eastern society, it is important to point out that men also tend to dress modestly. At present, most Egyptian middle and upper class families have their own radio and television, but the coffeehouses remain popular. PDF. Traditionally, women would remain in the back of the house and not come into the living room if someone who was not a close friend or family visited, although this is less common now. Although there is considerable concern over the housing problem, the combined efforts of both public and private sectors have struggled to meet the … Camel. Additionally, children from poor families who have to support the needs of their family are also forced to work. Only the wealthy can afford to live in free-standing houses because space is difficult to find. Men and women usually live at home with their parents until they get married. In rural areas, particularly among the Saʿīdī of Upper Egypt and the Bedouin of the deserts, tribal identity is still strong, and great stock is put into blood relationships. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Egypt also receives movies from overseas. Egyptian desserts range from foods like baklava (walnuts and cinnamon between sheets of thin pastry dough) to louqm al-qadi (fried balls of dough in syrup), bassboosa (semolina cake with almonds) and umm ali (nuts and raisins or currants in warm custard topped with pastry dough). Apartments usually have one large room in the front - the living room, where the family entertains guests. They had large number of children because a large number of children died before they grew up because of the really short life spans at that time. ... (ruling family) of the Ptolemies ended in 30 B.C. Street foods include kebab, meat grilled on a skewer; shwarma, meat grilled on a spit and served wrapped in bread with hummus and vegetables; shish tawook, a chicken dish similar to shwarma; kushari; grilled corn and other vegetables; nuts; and fresh-squeezed juices like mango, orange, or guava juice. Similarly, the birth of a child is an event to be celebrated. The film industry has created film stars who are just as popular in Egypt as many of the Western movie stars are to people in North America and Europe. The average family of fellahin has four or five children, who start working as soon as they are able to do so. Egypt also has one of the most active movie making industries in the world, producing between sixty and one hundred films every year. Many interpretations of Islamic law give women the right to ask for a divorce only in certain circumstances, such as her husband's being mentally ill or infertile. Tribal affiliations are all but extinct in urban areas, but even there the day-to-day navigation of state bureaucracy and business relationships is commonly facilitated by extensive patronage systems linking the local family with far-reaching groups of relatives and friends. Family life was important to Egyptians. Often, the patrons of each coffeehouse would contribute toward the purchase of the radio or television since it was too expensive to own them individually. Marriage and family life was very important to the ancient Egyptians. There are twelve years of formal education in Egypt, and public schools are free, though under funded. Muslims do not eat pork, so most Egyptian food does not include pork products. There are twelve years of formal education in Egypt, and public schools are free, though under funded. For forty days after death, there is an official mourning period for the deceased, in which special prayers and rituals are observed, and friends and relatives gather frequently to pay their respects to the surviving relatives. Children were considered to be blessings from the gods, which meant that their families took exceptionally good care of them. There are several kinds of tea, one of which is brewed from dried hibiscus flowers, called karkaday. Both are served strong: the coffee is what is typically known as "Turkish coffee," ground very fine and served thick. Islam discourages dating, as single men and women are not supposed to be alone together if they are not related. Ancient Egyptian villages were crowded. PDF. Egyptians are careful never to praise the beauty of the child without adding the phrase mash'allah, meaning "thanks be to God." Ice cream is also quite popular in Egypt. It is, however, considered inappropriate for a woman and man who are not married or related to be alone together. Street foods include kebab, meat grilled on a skewer; shwarma, meat grilled on a spit and served wrapped in bread with hummus and vegetables; shish tawook, a chicken dish similar to shwarma; kushari; grilled corn and other vegetables; nuts; and fresh-squeezed juices like mango, orange, or guava juice. 10) Many Egyptians shop in Western-style supermarkets like this one, where a variety of items can be purchased at once ... Islam forbids alcohol, although both beer and wine are made and sold in Egypt. But more importantly actually, Egypt, with its 90+ million inhabitants, is the most populous country in the Middle East, and it’s still regarded as the cultural hub of the Arab world, so by providing a greater view of everyday life in Egypt, we hope it also represents a greater view of the region as a whole. Egypt also has one of the most active movie making industries in the world, producing between sixty and one hundred films every year. They would also place letters at the tombs of dead relatives asking them to use their influence with the gods. Islamic dress makes a statement that the woman is not to be thought of a sexual being, while sexual harassment, though not as common as in the West, when it does happen tends to be directed toward unveiled women since they are thought of as 'available. Similarly, when a person dies, it is a significant event. Boys are usually circumcised near birth. This reminds Egyptians of God's presence and influence over all matters, and also that God has the power to alter anything thing at any time, so nothing should be taken for granted. Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola are widely available, along with other familiar brands such as Sprite, 7-Up and Fanta Orange Soda. Download Free PDF. A short summary of this paper. Create a free account to download. Islamic dress makes a statement that the woman is not to be thought of a sexual being, while sexual harassment, though not as common as in the West, when it does happen tends to be directed toward unveiled women since they are thought of as 'available.'. In some parts of the valley, however, women over age 16 do not work in the field, and their activities are confined to the household. In Egypt, the hyrax is mainly found closer to the oasis, or along the banks of the Nile. However, such films are often edited to remove offensive material. except photographs 2, 13, 14, Copyright 1995 by Christopher Rose. Divorce is not very common in Egypt, although it does still happen. Every Egyptian is expected to get married and produce children in order to continue the family lineage. The birth of the first son is a momentous event, after which the father and mother are often called by the titles "Abu" and "Umm" ("father" and "mother") followed by their son's name. Egypt then became a Roman province. Boys are usually circumcised near birth. When radio and television transmissions were first introduced to the region, men would gather at the coffeehouse to listen to the radio or watch the television. Traditions of Birth and Death There are several kinds of tea, one of which is brewed from dried hibiscus flowers, called karkaday. There are also restaurants that serve Chinese, Korean, Indian, and other cuisines from around the world. Egypt has a very active cinema industry of its own. From the mid 1970s, however, Islamic dress has made a return among many younger women. 1) Traditional Egyptian houses resemble this one, with all rooms opening off of a central courtyard. Many couples arrange for photographs in scenic locations, like this couple on the 6th October Bridge, overlooking the lights of downtown Cairo. At times, they have faced significant oppression, but they have also held positions of power, and their overall role has changed significantly over the c… Such cooperation between secular and religious jurists is common in Egypt and other countries where traditional interpretations are being challenged. Among the middle and upper classes, often the man and woman know each other from school or university, where young people gather in groups like they do in the West. Are you interested in understanding the state of Egypt today? Because of Egypt's Muslim majority, the road to marriage is slightly different than in western societies. Food is often sold in small markets, or in stands on the street. Concerts by famous singers are also broadcast on the radio or television. Throughout Egypt, the family remains the most important link in the social chain. Regardless of whether they choose to wear Islamic dress or not, women tend to dress modestly. Family Life: Most ancient Egyptian families consisted of a mother, father and four to five children. The total fertility rate was 3.3 in 1997, with urban areas quite a bit lower than rural areas. Both are served strong: the coffee is what is typically known as "Turkish coffee," ground very fine and served thick. For example, if the first son is named Ali, then the father will be called "Abu Ali," or "Father of Ali," and the mother "Umm Ali," or "Mother of Ali." Women have played a complex role in the history of Egypt. Life in Cairo is much the same as it is in any other city of the world. SESSION 1: Marriage and the Family. The husband usually had a senior or chief wifewho was considered higher than the other ones. 9) An ice cream truck making deliveries to the residents of the City of the Dead. Many Egyptians also believe in the power of the Evil Eye, for demons - djinn - are mentioned in the Qur'an. There was no formal marriage, the parents simply agreed that their children should be together and so the two children ‘start a new house’ together. The veil has been part of traditional dress in Egyptian society - as well as throughout the Middle East - for centuries. What music is thriving? Most fellahin, especially the women, spend their lives in drudgery. Many children do not complete school or go on to college and learn a trade or apprenticeship in business instead. ', Since the revolution, women have entered the work place in force. Rural tastes are represented by such dishes as fūl mudammis (ful medmes), consisting of slowly cooked fava (broad) beans and spices that is usually served with side dishes and bread and is widely considered the national food. What People Eat Most Cairenes live in apartment buildings. Girls would marry at the age of 12 and boys from about the age of 14. How is life for teenagers, both men and women? Such dress incorporates long skirts, a long sleeved blouse, sometimes with a western style suit jacket, and a headscarf. However, most primary and secondary schools usually meet for about six hours a day Saturday through Thursday, with only Friday off. Often, the patrons of each coffeehouse would contribute toward the purchase of the radio or television since it was too expensive to own them individually. Repeating such invocations of the name of God are also considered to prevent harm at the hands of these djinn. However the couple is introduced, the steps toward marriage are the same. Around 17% of women between 20 and 24 admit to having been married before the age of 18. Coffee and tea are popular refreshments. Supper is eaten late, around nine or ten o'clock and consists of small mezza dishes, or food left over from lunch. Traditionally, extended families lived together, however, with the new situation in Cairo - as houses were abandoned in favor of apartments - the traditional family has given way to the nuclear family. People get up in the morning, go to school or work, have meals with their family, spend time with their friends, and go to the supermarket, much the same as your family does. Many families who can afford to send their children to private school. Sometimes, each person scoops a portion of the food from the communal dish onto his or her plate, other times, each person simply eats straight from the communal dish. Since children were viewed as such blessings, everyone wanted to have them. The average life span of an Ancient Egyptian was about 40 years, so childhood ended at puberty and young Egyptians quickly learned their roles in society. 13) Traditional coffeehouses such as this one are very popular with Egyptians. Families will also arrange for the slaughter of an animal -- two for boys and one for girls -- one week after the birth to mark the event. Although modesty is maintained in urban modes of dress—particularly given the tendency from the early 1980s onward for women to return to wearing the hijab—urban clothing styles differ only marginally from those found in many European cities. Guests who are not relatives are generally not permitted back into the rest of the house. The new law was written both by secular lawmakers as well as representatives of the Muslim clergy in Egypt in order to ensure that it would address concerns that might be raised by opponents. A woman's right to ask for a divorce under any circumstance was put into law in Egypt in 1999. Apartments usually have one large room in the front - the living room, where the family entertains guests. When the Romans defeated her armies, she took her own life. There are supermakets in Egypt, and many Egyptians shop at the supermarket, but others prefer to buy their food from a small vendor. This has been the result of the need for families to bring in more money in order to live, as well as the increase in women's education. Or perhaps you are thinking about the roles and rights of women worldwide. Egypt is a modern nation in an ancient land. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, Period of Arab and Turkish governors (639–868), The Mamluk and Ottoman periods (1250–1800), From the French to the British occupation (1798–1882), The French occupation and its consequences (1798–1805), Muḥammad ʿAlī and his successors (1805–82), The period of British domination (1882–1952), The British occupation and the Protectorate (1882–1922). I know that there is more information on ancient Egypt, but if you go to the political section or financial section of the library, you'll be bound to find sthg on modern Egypt. 7) Since 1952, women have entered the work force in great numbers. In keeping with Islamic custom, the person is usually buried before sundown on the day of death, or, at the least, within three days. Egyptians are fond of tea and coffee. Me and my friends were talking about life in ancient egypt and that got me thinking about life in egypt today. Though modern families are adopting the idea of the "nuclear family" common in the west (parents and children), the traditional Egyptian family unit consists of parents, grandparents, children, aunts, uncles, cousins, in-laws, and all sorts of people. Muslims do not eat pork, so most Egyptian food does not include pork products. According to Egyptian secular law, both men and women have the right to ask for a divorce. The birth of a child is one of the most important and celebrated events in Egyptian society. Many children do not complete school or go on to college and learn a trade or apprenticeship in business instead. Usually, families shop at the same vendor, with whom they have a personal relationship, so they trust that vendor and the quality of the food that they will get from him. Egyptian television broadcasts a number of popular programs. Wealthier families spend large sums of money, sometimes renting ballrooms at the luxury hotels in Cairo to gather all their family and friends for the festivities, which may be spread out over several days. Where People Live Whats it like? Falafel, a fried cake of legumes, is a staple throughout the region and probably originated in Egypt. However, Egypt is also famous for its soap operas, which are broadcast throughout the Arab world. A complex meal starts off with mezza, similar to appetizers. Like many modern Islamic societies, Egypt is trying to bridge the difference between what traditional interpretations of Islamic law say, and what many people feel should be the law, which is often based on western models. Similarly, the birth of a child is an event to be celebrated. Many women feel that such attire protects them in the workplace - men tend to be more respectful of women who are veiled because they are perceived as "off limits." The veil has been part of traditional dress in Egyptian society - as well as throughout the Middle East - for centuries. Family Life. Although the consumption of alcoholic beverages is proscribed under Islam, locally brewed and fermented drinks are found, and some are imported. Lifestyles in the larger cities vary greatly from those of the countryside and are, in many ways, more akin to patterns found in urban culture worldwide. The family is very important in Egyptian society. Some of them live in the big cities, while others live in rural farming areas. Another institution found throughout the Middle East is the coffeehouse. People get up in the morning, go to school or work, have meals with their family, spend time with their friends, and go to the supermarket, much the same as your family does. Family life was very important to Ancient Egyptians. During the entire day, the men, with their long tunics, or djellabas (gallābiyyahs), tucked up around the waist, can be seen working the land with age-old implements such as the fās (hoe) and minjal (sickle); occasionally a modern tractor is seen. Child marriage. Download with Google Download with Facebook. For Egypt, the outstanding social novel is the Thulathiya (Trilogy) of Najib Mahfuz (born 1912) a long and very comprehensive account of the manner in which modernization affects three generations of a rather typical, if prosperous, Cairene family, the 'Abd al-Jawads. Egyptians are careful never to praise the beauty of the child without adding the phrase mash'allah, meaning "thanks be to God." This paper. Infant mortality was 29 per 1,000 live births in 1996. Likewise, foreign manners and values, mostly Western, have heavily influenced urban tastes in art, literature, cuisine, and other areas. As in other countries of the Middle East, mutton is the most commonly consumed meat. or. The pipe is filled with tobacco that is flavored with honey, apples, mint, or other sweet flavors. In the 1950s and 1960s, it was common for many Egyptian women - particularly in Cairo, to appear in public unveiled, in western clothes. Top students can attend the American University in Cairo, which teaches its courses in English. Egyptians enjoy watching sporting matches on television, particularly soccer matches, which are played throughout the country. In Cairo, formal education is very important. Egypt's population is predicted to double between 1996 and 2029. Men in Egypt carry loads on their head, women on their shoulder. Middle Class Family Life Overall Concepts Bibliography Children Education Upper middle class gives great care to ensure outstanding education for their children Lower middle class parents feel the same but are not able to give an equal level of … The population density of the inhabited area is such that the presence of people is obvious everywhere, even in the open countryside. Because of the country’s dominant riverine culture, fish are prevalent, but they do not make up an enormous part of the diet. The wedding usually takes place fairly quickly, unless the groom-to-be is going abroad to work or study, in which case the marriage may be postponed. One common dish is kushari, a mixture of rice, pasta, lentils, and spicy tomato sauce topped with a hot sauce and fried onions. Top students can attend the American University in Cairo, which teaches its courses in English. They placed a lot of value on having a happy household. From dawn to night, the work mobilizes the whole family in the Egyptian countryside. 10 • FAMILY LIFE The family is the center of social organization. Education and most religious instruction comes from the family - this is where children learn about societal values. Traditionally, women would remain in the back of the house and not come into the living room if someone who was not a close friend or family visited, although this is less common now. Even though the modern family unit tends to be smaller, families usually live close together and visit each other often. Download PDF Package. The birth of the first son is a momentous event, after which the father and mother are often called by the titles "Abu" and "Umm" ("father" and "mother") followed by their son's name. By age 14, ancient Egyptians were considered adults and would have been involved in … Fayza M H Haikal. It is sometimes seen among poor men in the old city, but the galabiyya tends to be associated with poor, country folk (fellahin), and is usually abandoned for pants and a shirt by young men who migrate to Cairo. Egyptians are fond of tea and coffee. Usually, this only happens if the child goes abroad to save money before getting married. Life in Cairo is much the same as it is in any other city of the world. They seldom appear in public except with a black muslin headdress covering their heads and faces. This practice extends to many parts of Egyptian society, wherein you will always hear such phrases as insha'allah - "if God wills it," usually used when discussing an event that is to happen in the future, and hamdulillah - "praise be to God," used to express joy or contentment over something that has already happened. 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